This book explains the application of recent advances in computational intelligence – algorithms, design methodologies, and synthesis techniques – to the design of integrated circuits and systems. It highlights new biasing and sizing approaches and optimization techniques and their application to the design of high-performance digital, VLSI, radio-frequency, and mixed-signal circuits and systems. This first of two related volumes addresses the design of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) and radio-frequency (RF) circuits, with 17 chapters grouped into parts on analog and mixed-signal applications, and radio-frequency design. It will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in computer science and electronics engineering engaged with the design of electronic circuits.

This book is the first standalone book that combines research into low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with research into millimeter-wave circuits. In compiling this book, the authors have set two research objectives. The first is to bring together the research context behind millimeter-wave circuit operation and the theory of low-noise amplification. The second is to present new research in this multi-disciplinary field by dividing the common LNA configurations and typical specifications into subsystems, which are then optimized separately to suggest improvements in the current state-of-the-art designs. To achieve the second research objective, the state-of-the-art LNA configurations are discussed and the weaknesses of state-of the art configurations are considered, thus identifying research gaps. Such research gaps, among others, point towards optimization – at a systems and microelectronics level. Optimization topics include the influence of short wavelength, layout and crosstalk on LNA performance. Advanced fabrication technologies used to decrease the parasitics of passive and active devices are also explored, together with packaging technologies such as silicon-on-chip and silicon-on-package, which are proposed as alternatives to traditional IC implementation. This research outcome builds through innovation. Innovative ideas for LNA construction are explored, and alternative design methodologies are deployed, including LNA/antenna co-design or utilization of the electronic design automation in the research flow. The book also offers the authors’ proposal for streamlined automated LNA design flow, which focuses on LNA as a collection of highly optimized subsystems.

This book explains the application of recent advances in computational intelligence – algorithms, design methodologies, and synthesis techniques – to the design of integrated circuits and systems. It highlights new biasing and sizing approaches and optimization techniques and their application to the design of high-performance digital, VLSI, radio-frequency, and mixed-signal circuits and systems. This second of two related volumes addresses digital and network designs and applications, with 12 chapters grouped into parts on digital circuit design, network optimization, and applications. It will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in computer science and electronics engineering engaged with the design of electronic circuits.

This book discusses surrogate modeling of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. The focus is on constrained or performance-driven surrogates. The presented techniques aim at addressing the limitations of conventional modeling methods, pertinent to the issues of dimensionality and parameter ranges that need to be covered by the surrogate to ensure its design utility. Within performance-driven methodologies, mitigation of these problems is achieved through appropriate confinement of the model domain, focused on the regions promising from the point of view of the relevant design objectives. This enables the construction of reliable surrogates at a fraction of cost required by conventional methods, and to accomplish the modeling tasks where other techniques routinely fail. The book provides a broad selection of specific frameworks, extensively illustrated using examples of real-world microwave and antenna structures along with numerous design examples. Furthermore, the book contains introductory material on data-driven and physics-based surrogates. The book will be useful for the readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism, especially those that utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines. Covers performance-driven and constrained modeling methods, not available in other books to date; Discusses of a wide range of practical case studies including a variety of microwave and antenna structures; Includes design applications of the presented modeling frameworks, including single- and multi-objective parametric optimization.

This book provides a detailed review of power amplifiers, including classes and topologies rarely covered in books, and supplies sufficient information to allow the reader to design an entire amplifier system, and not just the power amplification stage. A central aim is to furnish readers with ideas on how to simplify the design process for a preferred power amplifier stage by introducing software-based routines in a programming language of their choice. The book is in two parts, the first focusing on power amplifier theory and the second on EDA concepts. Readers will gain enough knowledge of RF and microwave transmission theory, principles of active and passive device design and manufacturing, and power amplifier design concepts to allow them to quickly create their own programs, which will help to accelerate the transceiver design process. All circuit designers facing the challenge of designing an RF or microwave power amplifier for frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz will find this book to be a valuable asset.

This book constitutes the first part of refereed proceedings of the 5th Computational Methods in Systems and Software 2021 (CoMeSySo 2021). The CoMeSySo 2021 Conference is breaking the barriers, being held online. CoMeSySo 2021 intends to provide an international forum for the discussion of the latest high-quality research results. The software engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence are crucial topics for the research within an intelligent systems problem domain.

This book, for the first time, provides comprehensive coverage on malicious modification of electronic hardware, also known as, hardware Trojan attacks, highlighting the evolution of the threat, different attack modalities, the challenges, and diverse array of defense approaches. It debunks the myths associated with hardware Trojan attacks and presents practical attack space in the scope of current business models and practices. It covers the threat of hardware Trojan attacks for all attack surfaces; presents attack models, types and scenarios; discusses trust metrics; presents different forms of protection approaches – both proactive and reactive; provides insight on current industrial practices; and finally, describes emerging attack modes, defenses and future research pathways.

This book presents innovative strategies to implement ultra-low voltage (ULV) and low power active circuits used in low energy RF receivers. The authors demonstrate that the use of single-stage amplifiers with the input negative transconductance compensation is a key strategy to allow the operation at low voltage levels with reduced power dissipation. Also, some design methodologies, based on the CMOS transistor operation point, are analyzed and a powerful design methodology is described for this kind of circuit. Readers will be enabled to implement the techniques described to design communication circuits with low power dissipation, useful in a variety of applications, including IoT/IoE devices.

This book discusses response feature technology and its applications to modeling, optimization, and computer-aided design of high-frequency structures including antenna and microwave components. By exploring the specific structure of the system outputs, feature-based approaches facilitate simulation-driven design procedures, both in terms of improving their computational efficiency and reliability. These benefits are associated with the weakly nonlinear relationship between feature point coordinates and design variables, which—in the context of optimization—leads to inherent regularization of the objective functions. The book provides an overview of the subject, a definition and extraction of characteristic points, and feature-based design problem reformulation. It also outlines a number of numerical algorithms developed to handle local, global, and multi-criterial design, surrogate modeling, as well as uncertainty quantification. The discussed frameworks are extensively illustrated using examples of real microwave and antenna structures, along with numerous design cases. Introductory material on simulation-driven design, numerical optimization, as well as behavioral and physics-based surrogate modeling is also included. The book will be useful for readers working in the area of high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering, antenna design, microwave photonics, magnetism and especially those who utilize electromagnetic (EM) simulation models in their daily routines.

This book provides a system-level approach to making packaging decisions for millimeter-wave transceivers. In electronics, the packaging forms a bridge between the integrated circuit or individual device and the rest of the electronic system, encompassing all technologies between the two. To be able to make well-founded packaging decisions, researchers need to understand a broad range of aspects, including: concepts of transmission bands, antennas and propagation, integrated and discrete package substrates, materials and technologies, interconnects, passive and active components, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various packages and packaging approaches, and package-level modeling and simulation. Packaging also needs to be considered in terms of system-level testing, as well as associated testing and production costs, and reducing costs. This peer-reviewed work contributes to the extant scholarly literature by addressing the aforementioned concepts and applying them to the context of the millimeter-wave regime and the unique opportunities that this transmission approach offers.