"Reinforcement corrision is the most important cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete structutres today. By comparing the different repair methods which have been established during recent years and discussing their advantages and drawbacks, this guide details practical approaches to enable non-specialist investigators to carry out at least some initial investigation themselves and considers the problems of detailsed investigations in a way which even the most experienced consultations and their clients will find helpful." - back cover.

Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, Investigation and Repair is a guide for designing, constructing and maintaining reinforced concrete structures, such as buildings and bridges which are subject to reinforcement corrosion. It presents the basics of theory and practice in steel corrosion in concrete and reviews the latest research and developments, such as progress on measuring the corrosion threshold for chloride-induced corrosion. This third edition compares the currently proliferating major national and international standards and guidance documents. New developments are considered, such as hybrid anodes for electrochemical treatment and the latest research and developments in assessment, such as the use of ground penetrating radar to measure the chloride content of the concrete cover. It overhauls coverage of electrochemical repair and rehabilitation techniques and outlines recent innovations in structural repair and construction and investigates their implications for durability. The book is ideal for practitioners and graduate students in structural engineering and concrete technology.

Concrete will be the key material for Mankind to create the built environment of the next millennium. The requirements of this infrastructure will be both demanding, in terms of technical performance and economy, and yet be greatly varied, from architectural masterpieces to the simplest of utilities.Controlling concrete degradation forms the Proceedings of the one day International Seminar held during the Congress, Creating with concrete, 6-10 September 1999, organised by the Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee.

These books contain articles on R&D into the major aspects of durability and service life prediction of building materials and components, as well as theoretical aspects of methods and modelling of prediction, description of degradation environment by use GIS, as practical implementation of knowledge on durability in maintenance procedures and in standardisation and regulations.

First Published in 2004. In the process of harmonising the wide-ranging interests in this field, the series of international conferences Durability of Building Materials and Components, of which this is the seventh, has played a decisive role by bridging between different material and product areas and by giving researchers and practitioners an opportunity to meet every third year to discuss the latest R&D achievements. This conference covers a number of themes ranging from theoretical aspects of service life prediction to the practical implementation of knowledge on durability of building products in standards. This collection is the proceedings and will serve as a valuable reference to all interested in the wide and stimulating area of durability and service life prediction in building and construction. This is Volume Two on Testing, Design and Standardisation.

Many concrete structures and elements of concrete infrastructure have exceeded their original design lives and are deteriorating to an extent where they are becoming dangerous. The deterioration can be internal or not obvious and therefore only shows up with detailed testing. Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods reviews the processes of deterioration and classical and standard test methods.Part one discusses deterioration of reinforced concrete and testing problems with chapters on topics such as key issues in the non-destructive testing of concrete structures, when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures, deterioration processes in reinforced concrete, modelling ageing and corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures, components in concrete and their impact on quality, and predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Part two reviews classical and standard testing methods including microscopic examination of deteriorated concrete, the analysis of solid components and their ratios in reinforced concrete structures, the determination of chlorides in concrete structures, and investigating the original water content of reinforced concrete structures.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods will be a standard reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those concerned with making decisions regarding the safety of reinforced concrete structures. - Provides a comprehensive discussion from examination of the components in concrete and their affect on quality through to the role of and tools required for lifetime management - Experts in the field identify the testing problems associated with infrastructure considering design, build and maintenance stages - Presents a guide for when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures including the role of time in testing

Concrete structures have been built for more than 100 years. At first, reinforced concrete was used for buildings and bridges, even for those with large spans. Lack of methods for structural analysis led to conservative and reliable design. Application of prestressed concrete started in the 40s and strongly developed in the 60s. The spans of bridges and other structures like halls, industrial structures, stands, etc. grew significantly larger. At that time, the knowledge of material behaviour, durability and overall structural performance was substantially less developed than it is today. In many countries statically determined systems with a fragile behavior were designed for cast in situ as well as precast structures. Lack of redundancy resulted in a low level of robustness in structural systems. In addition, the technical level of individual technologies (e.g. grouting of prestressed cables) was lower than it is today. The number of concrete structures, including prestressed ones, is extremely high. Over time and with increased loading, the necessity of maintaining safety and performance parameters is impossible without careful maintenance, smaller interventions, strengthening and even larger reconstructions. Although some claim that unsatisfactory structures should be replaced by new ones, it is often impossible, as authorities, in general, have only limited resources. Most structures have to remain in service, probably even longer than initially expected. In order to keep the existing concrete structures in an acceptable condition, the development of methods for monitoring, inspection and assessment, structural identification, nonlinear analysis, life cycle evaluation and safety and prediction of the future behaviour, etc. is necessary. The scatter of individual input parameters must be considered as a whole. This requires probabilistic approaches to individual partial problems and to the overall analysis. The members of the fib Task Group 2.8 “Safety and performance concepts” wrote, on the basis of the actual knowledge and experience, a comprehensive document that provides crucial knowledge for existing structures, which is also applicable to new structures. This guide to good practice is divided into 10 basic chapters dealing with individual issues that are critical for activities associated with preferably existing concrete structures. Bulletin 86 starts with the specification of the performance-based requirements during the entire lifecycle. The risk issues are described in chapter two. An extensive part is devoted to structural reliability, including practical engineering approaches and reliability assessment of existing structures. Safety concepts for design consider the lifetime of structures and summarise safety formats from simple partial safety factors to develop approaches suitable for application in sophisticated, probabilistic, non-linear analyses. Testing for design and the determination of design values from the tests is an extremely important issue. This is especially true for the evaluation of existing structures. Inspection and monitoring of existing structures are essential for maintenance, for the prediction of remaining service life and for the planning of interventions. Chapter nine presents probabilistically-based models for material degradation processes. Finally, case studies are presented in chapter ten. The results of the concrete structures monitoring as well as their application for assessment and prediction of their future behaviour are shown. The risk analysis of highway bridges was based on extensive monitoring and numerical evaluation programs. Case studies perfectly illustrate the application of the methods presented in the Bulletin. The information provided in this guide is very useful for practitioners and scientists. It provides the reader with general procedures, from the specification of requirements, monitoring, assessment to the prediction of the structures’ lifecycles. However, one must have a sufficiently large amount of experimental and other data (e.g. construction experience) in order to use these methods correctly. This data finally allows for a statistical evaluation. As it is shown in case studies, extensive monitoring programs are necessary. The publication of this guide and other documents developed within the fib will hopefully help convince the authorities responsible for safe and fluent traffic on bridges and other structures that the costs spent in monitoring are first rather small, and second, they will repay in the form of a serious assessment providing necessary information for decision about maintenance and future of important structures.

Materials for Architects and Builders provides a clear and concise introduction to the broad range of materials used within the construction industry and covers the essential details of their manufacture, key physical properties, specification and uses. Understanding the basics of materials is a crucial part of undergraduate and diploma construction or architecture-related courses, and this established textbook helps the reader to do just that with the help of colour photographs and clear diagrams throughout. This new sixth edition has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in materials research, new images, appropriate technologies and relevant legislation. The ecological effects of building construction and lifetime use remain an important focus, and this new edition includes a wide range of energy-saving building components.