This book is the result of collaborative efforts from esteemed professors and researchers worldwide, who understand that dentistry is a dynamic field and that research on dental caries is constantly evolving. Dental Caries Perspectives - A Collection of Thoughtful Essays is a collection of varied insights that will enrich readers’ understanding of dental caries and inspire further exploration and discussion within the field. It addresses the importance of meticulous diagnosis of caries, highlighting new methods and technologies available to clinicians, as well as the significance of adopting minimally invasive dentistry approaches, such as selective caries removal and remineralization of incipient lesions, to enhance treatment quality and preserve dental tissue. Dental Caries Perspectives - A Collection of Thoughtful Essays is a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and students, fostering critical thinking and encouraging readers to continuously seek out new knowledge and innovative solutions.

Authoritative and comprehensive resource on the disease process and clinical management of dental caries. Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management, 4th Edition maintains the same focus on high-level coverage of the disease etiology and process, clinical assessment and prognosis and wider public health issues connected with dental caries management, including an enhanced focus on caries control. Fully updated throughout, the chapters that discuss theory emphasize how the knowledge can be applied in both the clinic and in the public health domain to improve oral health. The new edition also includes up-to-date and validated diagnostic and management options for caries whilst ensuring that the tools provided allow practitioners to serve the needs of different socio-economic populations. All sections are complimented by high-quality color photographs, clear line drawings and references for further study. With contributions from international experts in research and clinical practice, Dental Caries includes information on: Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiome, metabolism of the microbiome in caries, and the essential role of saliva for dental caries and erosion Initiation and progression of dental caries in dental hard tissues and the relationship between sugar, diets, and dental caries The caries control concept and consequences for minimally invasive management of caries Caries control in children, adults, and the elderly, including root surface caries and oral health care in the elderly Implication of caries control for the dental profession, including best practices for assessment of lesion activity, prognosis and risk for developing dental caries Dental Caries, Fourth Edition is an unrivaled guide to tooth decay, and a must-have resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in dental public health, paediatric and restorative dentistry as well as all practitioners looking to develop their clinical skills.

The objective of the volume is to bring together, in one collection, the most innovative dental anthropological research as it pertains to the study of hominid evolution. In the past few decades both the numbers of hominid dental fossils and the sophistication of the techniques used to analyze them have increased substantially. The book’s contributions focus on dental morphometrics, growth and development, diet and dental evolution.

This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.

The oral cavity harbors an immense diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses. At health, oral microbial community is thought to be in a state of homeostasis, even after numerous perturbations (e.g., toothbrushing, food intake) a day. The breach in this homeostasis can occur for instance if the perturbations become too excessive (e.g., frequent carbohydrate intake leading to acidification of the community) or the host is compromised (e.g., inadequate immune response resulting in persistent inflammation of periodontal tissue). Aggressive antimicrobial therapy (e.g., antibiotics in case of periodontal disease or preventive antibiotic therapy before and after dental extractions) is commonly applied with all the negative consequences of this approach. So far little is known on the interplay between the environmental, host and microbial factors in maintaining an ecological balance. What are the prerequisites for a healthy oral ecosystem? Can we restore an unbalanced oral microbiome? How stable is the oral microbiome through time and how robust it is to external perturbations? Gaining new insights in the ecological factors sustaining oral health will lead to conceptually new therapies and preventive programs. Recent advances in high throughput technologies have brought microbiology as a science to a new era, allowing an open-ended approach instead of focusing on few opportunistic pathogens. With this topic we would like to integrate the current high-throughput ‘omics’ tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics or metabolomics with biochemical, physiological, genetic or clinical parameters within the oral microbial ecosystem. We aim to address questions underlying the regulation of the ecological balance in the oral cavity by including the following areas: • Ecology of oral microbiome at health • Ecology of oral microbiome under oral diseases • Ecology of oral microbiome during non-oral diseases • Shifts in the oral microbiome by therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobials, replacement therapy, pre- and probiotics) • Modeling of oral ecological shifts (e.g., animal models, in vitro microcosm models) • Complex inter- and intra-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacterial-fungal-host) related to oral ecology • Environmental (e.g., diet, tobacco), host-related (e.g., immune response, saliva composition and flow) and biotic (e.g., bacterial competition) factors influencing oral ecology • Geographic variation in oral microbial ecology and diversity

This book explores ramifications of sex and gender on ancient and modern human diseases.

Our bones can reveal fascinating information about how we have lived, from the food we have eaten to our levels of activity and the infections and injuries we have suffered. Elizabeth Weiss introduces readers to how lifestyle—in complex interaction with biology, genes, and environment—affects health in this distinctive tour of human osteology, past and present. Centering on health issues that have arisen in the last 50 to 60 years rather than thousands of years ago, Paleopathology in Perspective is organized around particular bone traits such as growth patterns, back pains, infections, and oral health. Each chapter explains one category of traits and reviews data drawn from both ancient and more contemporary populations to explore how global trait trends have changed over time. Weiss also considers the likely causes of these changes—for example, the growth of obesity, increased longevity, and greater intensity of childhood sports. Taking a long view of bones, as Weiss clearly demonstrates, provides clues not just about how ancient humans once lived, but also how biology and behavior, lifestyle and health, remain intrinsically linked.

The proposal for multiprofessional work in mental health brings a special form of organization with the joint contribution of health professionals that can work as a team in assisting people with psychological disorders. It aims to provide the most appropriate and complete assistance to users with mental disorders regardless of the degree of morbidity. In this sense, the determination of the National Health Council of Brazil is to recognize as regulated health professionals the following regulated professional categories: Social Workers; Biologists; Biomedical; Dental Surgeons; Physical Education; Nurses; Pharmacists; Physiotherapists; Speech therapists; Doctors; Veterinary Physicians; Nutritionists; Psychologists; and Occupational Therapists. They contributed decisively working together, allowing professionals to act in health actions nationwide, leaving the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde- SUS) the legitimacy attributed by the Magna Charta Libertatum of Brazil, to proceed with the norms for training the professionals that make up the sector’s of Health “The Unified Health System is responsible, under the terms of the law: to order the training of human resources in the area of health”. Through this legal framework, integrative health policies provided conditions for establishing the various transformations in the socio-political-cultural scenarios, reflecting on the epidemiological contour of society, leading to an increase changes in health models and contributing decisively to the conversions of care práxis, incorporating the multiprofessionality with agents with medium technical training through the Community Health Agent, Nursing Technician and Oral Health Technician. The establishment of knowledge and practices that provide the integration of the common field of activity of the multiprofessional teams, in the various performance scenarios, conducts the various actions which include the Family Health Support Center, Health at School Program, Health Academy, culminating in Psychosocial Care Centers I, II and III. They are specialized compositions in the approach to mental health for the treatment and social reintegration of SUS with mental disorders of different magnitudes users. In this way, it is evident that in Mental Health care by a multiprofessional team, it provides a gain for service users and contributes decisively to professionalization at different levels of training, as a result of continuing education in service.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a genetic and neurological condition that compromises the academic performance of children. From an educational context, knowledge about the cognitive-linguistic difficulties faced by these students can improve the academic and social quality life of affected children. This handbook presents an interdisciplinary perspective of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Educators and healthcare professionals can broaden their knowledge of the clinical and educational characteristics of students with ADHD. Topics covered in the handbook include the clinical features and genetics of ADHD, educational guidelines on reading, writing and learning processes and multidisciplinary interventions. Parents and teachers can apply the information in this handbook to assist children with ADHD in the classroom.