This book covers key concepts in the design of 2D and 3D Network-on-Chip interconnect. It highlights design challenges and discusses fundamentals of NoC technology, including architectures, algorithms and tools. Coverage focuses on topology exploration for both 2D and 3D NoCs, routing algorithms, NoC router design, NoC-based system integration, verification and testing, and NoC reliability. Case studies are used to illuminate new design methodologies.

This book covers various aspects of optimization in design and testing of Network-on-Chip (NoC) based multicore systems. It gives a complete account of the state-of-the-art and emerging techniques for near optimal mapping and test scheduling for NoC-based multicores. The authors describe the use of the Integer Line Programming (ILP) technique for smaller benchmarks and a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to get a near optimal mapping and test schedule for bigger benchmarks. The PSO-based approach is also augmented with several innovative techniques to get the best possible solution. The tradeoff between performance (communication or test time) of the system and thermal-safety is also discussed, based on designer specifications. Provides a single-source reference to design and test for circuit and system-level approaches to (NoC) based multicore systems; Gives a complete account of the state-of-the-art and emerging techniques for near optimal mapping and test scheduling in (NoC) based multicore systems; Organizes chapters systematically and hierarchically, rather than in an ad hoc manner, covering aspects of optimization in design and testing of Network-on-Chip (NoC) based multicore systems.

Network on Chip (NoC) addresses the communication requirement of different nodes on System on Chip. The bio-inspired algorithms improve the bandwidth utilization, maximize the throughput and reduce the end-to-end latency and inter-flit arrival time. This book exclusively presents in-depth information regarding bio-inspired algorithms solving real world problems focussing on fault-tolerant algorithms inspired by the biological brain and implemented on NoC. It further documents the bio-inspired algorithms in general and more specifically, in the design of NoC. It gives an exhaustive review and analysis of the NoC architectures developed during the last decade according to various parameters. Key Features: Covers bio-inspired solutions pertaining to Network-on-Chip (NoC) design solving real world examples Includes bio-inspired NoC fault-tolerant algorithms with detail coding examples Lists fault-tolerant algorithms with detailed examples Reviews basic concepts of NoC Discusses NoC architectures developed-to-date

[2]. The Cell Processor from Sony, Toshiba and IBM (STI) [3], and the Sun UltraSPARC T1 (formerly codenamed Niagara) [4] signal the growing popularity of such systems. Furthermore, Intel’s very recently announced 80-core TeraFLOP chip [5] exemplifies the irreversible march toward many-core systems with tens or even hundreds of processing elements. 1.2 The Dawn of the Communication-Centric Revolution The multi-core thrust has ushered the gradual displacement of the computati- centric design model by a more communication-centric approach [6]. The large, sophisticated monolithic modules are giving way to several smaller, simpler p- cessing elements working in tandem. This trend has led to a surge in the popularity of multi-core systems, which typically manifest themselves in two distinct incarnations: heterogeneous Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoC) and homogeneous Chip Multi-Processors (CMP). The SoC philosophy revolves around the technique of Platform-Based Design (PBD) [7], which advocates the reuse of Intellectual Property (IP) cores in flexible design templates that can be customized accordingly to satisfy the demands of particular implementations. The appeal of such a modular approach lies in the substantially reduced Time-To- Market (TTM) incubation period, which is a direct outcome of lower circuit complexity and reduced design effort. The whole system can now be viewed as a diverse collection of pre-existing IP components integrated on a single die.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of 19th International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS 2009, featuring Integrated Circuit and System Design, held in Delft, The Netherlands during September 9-11, 2009. The 26 revised full papers and 10 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on variability & statistical timing, circuit level techniques, power management, low power circuits & technology, system level techniques, power & timing optimization techniques, self-timed circuits, low power circuit analysis & optimization, and low power design studies.

System on chips designs have evolved from fairly simple unicore, single memory designs to complex heterogeneous multicore SoC architectures consisting of a large number of IP blocks on the same silicon. To meet high computational demands posed by latest consumer electronic devices, most current systems are based on such paradigm, which represents a real revolution in many aspects in computing. The attraction of multicore processing for power reduction is compelling. By splitting a set of tasks among multiple processor cores, the operating frequency necessary for each core can be reduced, allowing to reduce the voltage on each core. Because dynamic power is proportional to the frequency and to the square of the voltage, we get a big gain, even though we may have more cores running. As more and more cores are integrated into these designs to share the ever increasing processing load, the main challenges lie in efficient memory hierarchy, scalable system interconnect, new programming paradigms, and efficient integration methodology for connecting such heterogeneous cores into a single system capable of leveraging their individual flexibility. Current design methods tend toward mixed HW/SW co-designs targeting multicore systems on-chip for specific applications. To decide on the lowest cost mix of cores, designers must iteratively map the device’s functionality to a particular HW/SW partition and target architectures. In addition, to connect the heterogeneous cores, the architecture requires high performance complex communication architectures and efficient communication protocols, such as hierarchical bus, point-to-point connection, or Network-on-Chip. Software development also becomes far more complex due to the difficulties in breaking a single processing task into multiple parts that can be processed separately and then reassembled later. This reflects the fact that certain processor jobs cannot be easily parallelized to run concurrently on multiple processing cores and that load balancing between processing cores – especially heterogeneous cores – is very difficult.

This book presents the research challenges that are due to the introduction of the 3rd dimension in chips for researchers and covers the whole architectural design approach for 3D-SoCs. Nowadays the 3D-Integration technologies, 3D-Design techniques, and 3D-Architectures are emerging as interesting, truly hot, broad topics. The present book gathers the recent advances in the whole domain by renowned experts in the field to build a comprehensive and consistent book around the hot topics of three-dimensional architectures and micro-architectures. This book includes contributions from high level international teams working in this field.

The book focuses on the integration of intelligent communication systems, control systems, and devices related to all aspects of engineering and sciences. It contains high-quality research papers presented at the 2nd international conference, ICICCD 2017, organized by the Department of Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering of University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun on 15 and 16 April, 2017. The volume broadly covers recent advances of intelligent communication, intelligent control and intelligent devices. The work presented in this book is original research work, findings and practical development experiences of researchers, academicians, scientists and industrial practitioners.

This book describes the first comprehensive approach to the optimization of interconnect architectures in 3D systems on chips (SoCs), specially addressing the challenges and opportunities arising from heterogeneous integration. Readers learn about the physical implications of using heterogeneous 3D technologies for SoC integration, while also learning to maximize the 3D-technology gains, through a physical-effect-aware architecture design. The book provides a deep theoretical background covering all abstraction-levels needed to research and architect tomorrow’s 3D-integrated circuits, an extensive set of optimization methods (for power, performance, area, and yield), as well as an open-source optimization and simulation framework for fast exploration of novel designs.

From basic architecture, interconnection, and parallelization to power optimization, this book provides a comprehensive description of emerging multicore systems-on-chip (MCSoCs) hardware and software design. Highlighting both fundamentals and advanced software and hardware design, it can serve as a primary textbook for advanced courses in MCSoCs design and embedded systems. The first three chapters introduce MCSoCs architectures, present design challenges and conventional design methods, and describe in detail the main building blocks of MCSoCs. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 discuss fundamental and advanced on-chip interconnection network technologies for multi and many core SoCs, enabling readers to understand the microarchitectures for on-chip routers and network interfaces that are essential in the context of latency, area, and power constraints. With the rise of multicore and many-core systems, concurrency is becoming a major issue in the daily life of a programmer. Thus, compiler and software development tools are critical in helping programmers create high-performance software. Programmers should make sure that their parallelized program codes will not cause race condition, memory-access deadlocks, or other faults that may crash their entire systems. As such, Chapter 7 describes a novel parallelizing compiler design for high-performance computing. Chapter 8 provides a detailed investigation of power reduction techniques for MCSoCs at component and network levels. It discusses energy conservation in general hardware design, and also in embedded multicore system components, such as CPUs, disks, displays and memories. Lastly, Chapter 9 presents a real embedded MCSoCs system design targeted for health monitoring in the elderly.