Among the regions of the United States, the Appalachian Region holds a strategic position in water resources. The Region consists of 397 counties, in thirteen states. Parts of fourteen major basins and many parts of other basins and major tributaries have their headwaters in Appalachia. The strong links which exist between Appalachia and adjoining regions, and ultimately to the nation as a whole, are physical, social and economic. Today the physical, social and economic problems of Appalachia are impairing the ability of the region to meet its own economic needs and to deliver to the nation the Region's share of the resources required for a healthy national economy. By almost every measure of social and economic attainment, the Appalachian people and the Appalachian economy are below the national average. In this study the identification of problems and needs, and the resulting conclusions concerning their alleviation, pertain largely to the identified growth centers within the region. Periodic evaluation of these areas, and problems and needs of communities outside currently identified growth centers, has been included as a part of the plan.