Salt is a predominant compound for humankind and the earth preserves an important source of this element of life. This book reviews this multi-disciplinary issue in which geoscientists, historians, agriculturalists, medical doctors, and general scientists have been interested in its nature. The authors have provided contributions on the origin and history of salt, intrusion with freshwater effect, its usability as a material, and its role in life. The safety of groundwater resources should be a priority for humanity. Contribution on this important topic is provided by geophysical investigations to characterize saltwater intrusions in aquifers. This book also presents a general overview on salt intake and its role in food and human health. Methods of salt recovery and surface salination as well as its usage in the environment will provide new aspects in earth science.

WHO has long recommended marketing restrictions in the contexts of tobacco and nicotine products, alcoholic beverages, foods and beverages with respect to children, and breastmilk substitutes. But the question of how to implement these recommendations has become more complex as digital media has grown and large online platforms have centered their businesses around advertising, and specifically around targeting of advertising to consumers based on their online activity or personal data they have shared. As a response to these challenges, this technical product examines how restrictions on digital marketing are implemented by Member States as part of broader marketing restrictions, describes current challenges specific to digital marketing and provides policy options and approaches that Member States can adopt to strengthen the design and implementation of restrictions.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension has become a major public health problem in the last few decades. High blood pressure is a serious risk factor for premature cardiovascular disease and end-organ damage including left-ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While studies of hypertension have been performed worldwide in a variety of epidemiological settings such as diabetes, renal function, obesity and thyroid disorders, there is a need to identify appropriate treatment strategies Novel Strategies and Approaches in Hypertension introduces the reader to different aspects of hypertension treatment (environmental and occupational factors and different clinical settings that can trigger the disease). The book also covers special topics related to the use of new diagnostic biomarkers for hypertension patients, as well as endocrine and nutrition-focused approaches to treat the condition. This reference book will be useful for medical professionals involved in the management and care of patients affected with hypertension. [Series Introduction] Frontiers in Hypertension presents reference works, textbooks and monographs on both fundamental and advanced topics related to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. The series is essential reading for medical students and professionals involved in hypertension and allied subspecialty treatment programs.

The Digital Pill reflects on apps and digital projects launched by pharmaceutical companies in recent years, as well as the first accreditations for digital pills already issued by recognised regulators. The Digital Pill is essential reading for anyone working in, engaged with or interested in understanding the e-health community.

Business strategy is not an abstract concept; it is a type of work that is designed for complex theoretical conceptualization. While there are numerous sources exploring the theoretical ideas of strategy, very few demonstrate the real value of strategy tools, concepts, and models in practice. Cases on Digital Strategies and Management Issues in Modern Organizations is a pivotal reference source that provides original case studies designed to explore various strategic issues facing contemporary organizations, evaluate the usefulness of strategy tools and models, and examine how successful and failing companies have faced strategic issues with practical ideas and solutions. While highlighting topics such as business ethics, stakeholder analysis, and corporate governance, this publication demonstrates various ways that different models/tools can be applied in different types of companies for various purposes and from diverse perspectives. This book is ideally designed for managers, executives, managing directors, business strategists, industry professionals, students, researchers, and academicians seeking current research on key business framework strategies.

This fully updated and expanded third edition is a reference guide on nutrition and its clinical implications for health and disease through the life-cycle. The book endeavors to address the needs of those who would most benefit from up-to-date information on recent advances in the field of nutrition. Written by experts in the field, chapters cover a diverse range of nutritional areas that present a succinct overview of recent thinking and discoveries that have the greatest capacity to aid physicians and other healthcare professionals in improving the nutritional health of their clients. The text is divided into eight parts. Part one and two address the nutrient requirements and special nutrition-related issues for people across all stages of the lifespan—from pregnancy and infancy through the adolescent years to the older adult years. Part three summarizes the role of nutrition in the prevention and management of chronic conditions frequently seen in clinical practice, including obesity, diabetes, bone disorders, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. Part four describes different dietary patterns (the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, the vegetarian diet, and the ketogenic diet). Part five describes nutrition challenges specific to surgery and several different acute diseases and disorders (gastrointestinal disorders, food allergy and intolerance, diseases of the liver and pancreas, kidney disease, eating disorders, bariatric surgery, sarcopenia, and drug interactions with food). Part six looks at different aspects of the diet (coffee, tea, dietary fat, dietary sugars, energy drinks, alcohol, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and the gut microbiome). Part seven examines a range of factors that influence dietary health decisions (creating nutritional behavior change, methods for assessing nutritional status, Dietary Reference Intakes, an overview of the diet and food guides, food labels, and sources of nutrients). Finally, part eight looks at dietary supplements (including the problem of dishonest marketing) and false and misleading information in the area of nutrition. The growing nutritional impact of COVID-19 is discussed throughout the book where appropriate. Nutrition Guide for Physicians and Related Healthcare Professions Third Edition serves as a comprehensive guide that is organized by age/lifespan, nutrition therapy in relation to chronic disease and COVID, diet and its role in prevention, dietary requirements and recommendations, and influencing health decisions for the patient. It is a valuable resource of practical and easy-to-access information on nutrition for physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and others in their daily practice.

Strategic Thinking: A Step-by-Step Approach to Strategy and Leadership, now in its third edition, takes you step by step through sound strategic thinking by setting out the questions to ask. In the process of answering these questions and thinking through the important issues that they raise, you will learn how to formulate strategies and write clear and concise strategic plans. With new online material to support each step and help strengthen your ability to predict future changes, as well as a new section covering key aspects of leadership and neuroscience, this practical book will enable you to: gain a deeper understanding of your market; forecast where your organization is heading; think critically about proposals; write an effective strategic plan Also including prompt sheets, objectives, action plans and useful summaries, this fully updated third edition is a must-have for all practicing managers and business students. Online supporting resources for this book include downloadable templates including taking strategics decisions, creating strategic knowledge and assessing strategic ability.

This fourth edition brings together a diverse range of experts in nutrition-related areas to discuss recent thinking and discoveries in nutrition, especially in relation to topics that have the greatest capacity to improve human health and nutritional implementation. An overview of nutrition science in the third decade of the twenty-first century reveals that much water has flown under the bridge of the advancing river that is nutrition research and practice. With these large accumulations of developments in the field of nutrition, the need for a new edition of this book is obvious. Our vastly improved nutrition knowledge gives us the capability of preventing a sizable fraction of the chronic diseases that afflict the people of our world, but only if these discoveries can be translated into effective action at the population level. Nutritional Health endeavours to address the needs of those who would most benefit from up-to-date information on key areas in the field of nutrition. The book starts with a discussion of the nature of nutritional research then moves into an overview of the most important aspects of the complex interactions between diet, its nutrient components, and their impacts on disease states, and on those health conditions that increase the risk of chronic diseases. Parts three and four discuss diet and include new chapters on the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, the flexitarian diet, and the low-carbohydrate diet. The final two parts of the book discuss emerging trends in nutrition science, such as gut microbiome and sustainable diet, and areas of controversy in nutrition, such as the influence of the food industry and dietary supplements. Up to date and comprehensive, Nutritional Health: Strategies for Disease Prevention, Fourth Edition offers physicians, dietitians, and nutritionists a practical, data-driven, integrated resource to help evaluate the critical role of nutrition.

Understanding the human brain is essential to become a well-informed, modern citizen. As always, nonsense proliferates around popular topics. The author of the human Brain is a physician-writer, an expert navigator who can steer you away from nonsense, and help you understand practical details about brain function and disease. This is a big book with big ideas, so be prepared to read, re-read and then keep the book as reference. Read topics from the book by clicking links to the left. Dr. Gislason's Preface "My goal in writing this book is to provide a guide to intervention in disorders of brain function. The brain is the organ of the mind. Therefore, molecular influences that alter the function of brain are manifest as mental influences. Brains are delicate devices that need special care to work well. When brains do not function well, disorders of sensing, deciding, acting and remembering occur. Food is the major source of molecular influences on the brain and, therefore, on mind states. Finding and consuming food is the main business of all animal brains and remains the priority in the organization of human behavior. An integrated view of body/mind does not draw artificial boundaries among different events. Psyche does not affect Soma or vice versa. Psyche and Soma are one interacting whole system. Behavioral adaptation to environment is intermeshed with molecular adaptation. This means that mind and body interact with environment as a single integrated unit. Molecular events determine mind/body events just as mental or behavioral events determine molecular events. There is little argument that diseased arteries that carry blood to the brain lead toward the most prevalent and often the most devastating loss of brain function. High blood pressure and plugged arteries work together to produce strokes. Other brain diseases are not so obvious. The role of the environment and dietary problems in creating emotionally and mentally disturbed people has been underestimated or ignored. Bad environments and problems in the food supply can disturb brain function in entire populations. Bad chemicals are more powerful than good intentions and good ideas unless the good idea is to remove the bad chemicals from the environment. When a fish in an aquarium displays psychotic behavior, you do not call a fish psychiatrist; you check the oxygen concentration, temperature, and pH of the water. You have to clean the tank and change the fish diet. I regret the increasing use of psychotropic drugs. The aggressive marketing of drugs that affect the brain has become a major determinant of what people believe and how people behave. I was once an advocate of drug therapy, but now I believe that we are on the wrong track and advise against taking drugs that affect the mind. My work in philosophy takes the broadest view of the human experience and also focuses on the details of how our mind works. As a physician, I advocate practical solutions to brain dysfunction that are often ignored in medical practice. These are solutions that emphasize removing the causes of disease by improving the environment and the food supply. Download eBook in PDF format