A sensitive and effective disease surveillance system, providing early warning of outbreaks, is essential for effective control, reporting and communication of disease occurrence. It is an integral component of emergency preparedness. The key to success in handling animal disease epidemics is early detection. Disease reporting by those at the frontline, including private veterinarians, is key to enhancing passive disease surveillance. This publication equips private veterinarians with updated information on notifiable animal diseases in Myanmar, passive surveillance and information flow. It covers the sections in Myanmar animal health and livestock development law (2020) that are related to reporting disease information. It will help the country’s veterinary authorities to manage a disease problem before it becomes uncontrollable, thus, protecting the local livestock industry and ensuring food security for those closely dependent upon livestock. In this way, the publication contributes to SDG 1 No Poverty and SDG 2 Zero Hunger.

As scientific analysis of testable hypotheses has replaced the speculative approach to study of bone disease in recent and fossil amphibians and reptiles, the field has advanced from simply reporting observations to analyzing their implications. This process is predicated upon a reproducible data base which explains/diagnoses the nature of bony alterations and a secure review of the literature. Thereby hangs the rub. The herpetological literature are difficult to access (let alone read) and are scattered through many prominent and eclectic journals and in the lay literature. While older diagnoses often have not stood the test of time, the clarity of report descriptions usually allows confident identification of the underlying pathology.