This book is intended for non-specialists and students, presenting a unique introduction to the field of DNA nanotechnology. The primary focus is on the extraordinary advantages of specificity and sensitivity obtained by integrating DNA nanostructures in bioanalytical devices.DNA Nanotechnology for Bioanalysis provides a concise and rigorous description for the fabrication of various types of functional nanostructures by optimized software-aided high-yield synthesis. Following this is the explanation of methods to decorate these nanostructures with molecules such as proteins, metal nanoparticles or bioorganic moieties covalently bonded onto DNA via self-assemblage processes. Also provided is a concise review on non-canonical DNA structures (such as G-quadruplexes) and their targeting by small molecules for applications in pharmacology. Finally, it describes the exciting applications of DNA nanostructures in life sciences and nanomedicine, including ultraspecific molecular delivery, control of cell behavior, analysis of cell lysate and DNA-based nano-tools for super-resolution sub-cellular imaging.

DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research Comprehensive coverage of DNA nanotechnology with a focus on its biomedical applications in disease diagnosis, gene therapy, and drug delivery Bringing together multidisciplinary aspects of chemical, material, and biological engineering, DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research: From Bioanalysis to Biomedicine presents an overview of DNA nanotechnology with emphasis on a variety of different applications in cell research and engineering, covering a unique collection of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental research and engineering of living cells, mostly in cellulo and in vivo, for the first time. Broad coverage of this book ranges from pioneering concepts of DNA nanotechnology to cutting-edge reports regarding the use of DNA nanotechnology for fundamental cell science and related biomedical engineering applications in sensing, bioimaging, cell manipulation, gene therapy, and drug delivery. The text is divided into four parts. Part I surveys the progress of functional DNA nanotechnology tools for cellular recognition. Part II illustrates the use of DNA-based biochemical sensors to monitor and image intracellular molecules and processes. Part III examines the use of DNA to regulate biological functions of individual cells. Part IV elucidates the use of DNA nanotechnology for cell-targeted medical applications. Sample topics covered in DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research include: Selections and applications of functional nucleic acid toolkits, including DNA/RNA aptamers, DNAzymes, and riboswitches, for cellular recognition, metabolite detection, and liquid biopsy. Developing intelligent DNA nanodevices implemented in living cells for amplified cell imaging, smart intracellular sensing, and in cellulo programmable biocomputing. Harnessing dynamic DNA nanotechnology for non-genetic cell membrane engineering, receptor signaling reprogramming, and cellular behavior regulation. Construction of biocompatible nucleic acid nanostructures as precisely controlled vehicles for drug delivery, immunotherapy, and tissue engineering. Providing an up-to-date tutorial style overview along with a highly valuable in-depth perspective, DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Research is an essential resource for the entire DNA-based nanotechnology community, including analytical chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, and bioengineers.

"DNA is used for the storage and propagation of genetic information in all living organisms. It is the programmability and molecular recognition properties of DNA which make this possible. Taking advantage of these properties, researchers have developed DNA self-assembly as a highly predictable method of bottom-up nanofabrication. The resulting nanostructures have the potential to solve important problems in diverse fields, from nanophotonics to gene therapy. To date most DNA nanostructures have been made purely from unmodified, natural DNA. To achieve structural complexity needed for functional devices, researchers have created intricate designs which often require a large number of DNA strands of different sequence,with increased cost and assembly error rates. This thesis examines the chemical modification of nucleic acids and their integration into DNA nanostructures. This approach is expected to simplify design and significantly reduce the number of DNA components, while adding functional complexity. Specifically, the introduction of orthogonal supramolecular interactions to DNA nanostructures and the resultant properties of these hybrid systems is investigated. Firstly, the synthesis of novel dendritic DNA amphiphiles and their self-assembly properties are investigated. The site-specific positioning of the amphiphiles on a cubic DNA scaffold allows the anisotropic organization of hydrophobic 'residues', in a manner similar to the side-chains on a protein backbone. A new set of self-assembly rules is discovered, in which these nanostructures show a geometry-dependent inter- or intra-molecular association. This is used to create the first example of a DNA nanostructure which can encapsulate and release small molecule drugs, an important challenge in nanomedicine. Secondly, this synthetic methodology is developed to produce a family of DNA-polymer conjugates, with sequence-defined polymers appended to DNA. These conjugates exhibit tunable self-assembly properties, dependent on the sequence of monomers in the polymer portion. Finally, the modular synthetic approaches developed are used to produce novel gold-binding DNA conjugates. The organization of these on prismatic DNA scaffolds creates patterns of DNA strands which can be efficiently transferred to gold nanoparticles. This template-guided 'printing' approach provides control over the number, directionality, geometry and sequence asymmetry of DNA strands bound to gold nanoparticle. Overall, the development of new synthetically modified oligonucleotides and their incorporation into nanostructures is shown to augment the field of DNA nanotechnology, introducing protein-inspired interactions and providing new tools for the creation of functional nanodevices for applications in the fields of nanophotonics, nanoelectronics and biological sensing, as well as drug and oligonucleotide delivery." --

This book covers the emerging topic of DNA nanotechnology and DNA supramolecular chemistry in its broader sense. By taking DNA out of its biological role, this biomolecule has become a very versatile building block in materials chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and bio-nanotechnology. Many novel structures have been realized in the past decade, which are now being used to create molecular machines, drug delivery systems, diagnosis platforms or potential electronic devices. The book combines many aspects of DNA nanotechnology, including formation of functional structures based on covalent and non-covalent systems, DNA origami, DNA based switches, DNA machines, and alternative structures and templates. This broad coverage is very appealing since it combines both the synthesis of modified DNA as well as designer concepts to successfully plan and make DNA nanostructures. Contributing authors have provided first a general introduction for the non-specialist reader, followed by a more in-depth analysis and presentation of their topic. In this way the book is attractive and useful for both the non-specialist who would like to have an overview of the topic, as well as the specialist reader who requires more information and inspiration to foster their own research.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. The chapter "DNA-Programmed Chemical Synthesis of Polymers and Inorganic Nanomaterials" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.

Nucleic acids have structurally evolved over billions of years to effectively store and transfer genetic information. In the 1980s, Nadrian Seeman’s idea of constructing a 3D lattice from DNA led to utilizing DNA as nanomolecular building blocks to create emergent molecular systems and nanomaterial objects. This bottom-up approach to construct nanoscale architectures with DNA marked the beginning of a new field, DNA nanotechnology, contributing significantly to the broad area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The molecular architectonics of small "designer" molecules and short DNA sequences through complementary binding interaction engenders well-defined functional nanoarchitectures with realistic applications in areas ranging from biology to materials science and is termed "DNA nanoarchitectonics." This book discusses novel approaches adapted by leading researchers from all over the world to create functional nucleic acid molecular systems and nanoarchitectures. Individual chapters contributed by active practitioners provide fundamental and advanced knowledge emanated from their own and others’ work. Each chapter includes numerous illustrations, historical perspectives, case studies and practical examples, critical discussions, and future prospects. This book can serve as a practical handbook or as a textbook for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of nanotechnology and DNA nanotechnology, supramolecular chemistry, and nanoarchitectonics and researchers working on macromolecular science, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, and medicine, especially those with an interest in sensors, biosensors, nanoswitches and nanodevices, diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapeutics.

This book introduces the reader the chemistry of reaction approaches by which noble metal nanoparticles are synthesized, including synthetic approaches using the Brust–Schiffrin method , a high-temperature solution-phase synthesis, polymer and biological entities, weak and strong reducing and capping agents, the low and high temperatures, various additives and various novel approaches such as plasma, ionic liquids, UV light and gamma rays and others. This book starts with a brief overview of foundation work concerned with the chapter topics such as nanomaterials, nanoscience, surface-capping molecules, traditional and nontraditional reduction agents, In addition, chemical and physical properties of noble metal nanoparticles with different structures and elements such as monolayered clusters, nanorods, and bimetallic nanoparticles are described comprehensively. The aim is to summarize the fundamentals and mechanistic approaches in the preparation and characterization of metal colloidal nanoparticles and dispersions. In this way the reader is provided with a systematic and coherent picture of the interesting field of nanoscience based on noble metal colloidal nanoparticles. Intended as a wide-ranging overview, the book is a resource for novices in the field as well as for specialists, particularly those scientists working in the area of nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are discussed from the chemist’s point of view. Therefore, this volume describes in detail the terms, definitions, theories, experiments, and techniques dealing with the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles. The material presented here is essential reading for research chemists, technologists, and engineers in the fields of specialty nanomaterials and metal industries, and also is highly valuable for researchers in university, institutional, and governmental laboratories, especially for those at advanced stages of their careers.

Written by international experts describing the various facets of nanofabrication, the ten volumes of this series cover the complete range of synthetic methods, tools and techniques being developed towards medical, biological and cybernetic applications. This volume covers the synthetic and materials aspects of instilling biocompatibility into nanomaterials with properties desirable for advanced medical and biological applications.