An analytical framework of due diligence obligations to address the increasing prevalence of non-State human rights risks.

This book discusses the conceptual foundations of due diligence obligations and their normative function in the law of international responsibility.

The contributors to this volume analyse the effectiveness of the due diligence standard as well as other strategies to prevent and respond to violence against women by non-state actors taking into account contemporary problems that pose threats to womena (TM)s rights.

"This publication provides an introduction to women's human rights, beginning with the main provisions in international human rights law and going on to explain particularly relevant concepts for fully understanding women's human rights. Finally, selected areas of women's human rights are examined together with information on the main work of United Nations human rights mechanisms and others pertaining to these topics. The aim of the publication is to offer a basic understanding of the human rights of women as a whole, but because of the wide variety of issues relevant to women's human rights, it should not be considered exhaustive."--Page 1.

Issue for 1946-47 includes a summary of the organization's activities from its inception to July 1, 1947.

Human rights, Andrew Byrnes

"There has been much debate in recent years about the role of non-state actors in international law. Whereas their presence is undisputedly acknowledged, their status and legal accountability remains unsettled. In many areas of public international law, harm is now significantly often caused by actors other than states.1 Terrorist groups threaten the territorial integrity of states; private security companies are involved in armed conflicts; individual hackers initiate cyber-attacks; and multinational corporations cause transboundary environmental harm or business-related human rights violations. Nonetheless, international treaties and customary international law still assign rights and duties almost exclusively to states. Outside of international criminal law, there are but few attempts to establish individual responsibility. On the other hand, state responsibility only arises if an international obligation is breached and that breach is attributable to a state whereas only the actions of state organs acting in their official capacity may implicate state responsibility and the conduct of private individuals usually does not. Such conduct may be attributed if private citizens act as so-called de facto organs or a state acknowledges their behavior as its own - which occurs rather rarely. The nature of state responsibility is inherently restorative with the primary objective to maintain or restore an equilibrium between equal and sovereign states"--

This is the first comprehensive practical handbook on the topic of "Environmental Social Governance" (ESG) and its impact on the real estate industry. The sustainability megatrend is still in its early stages in the real estate sector, and there is a lack of standards, practical examples and data. The development is very dynamic and sometimes confusing, and new, complex, requirements and regulations are constantly being added. The authors – an expert team of economists, lawyers, investors, asset managers and engineers – provide an overview of national and European regulatory requirements as well as current market developments. They show what role ESG plays not only in the areas of new construction, renovation and real estate management, but also in investment processes and real estate valuations. Contents: - ESG and the real estate market - ESG and regulatory environment - ESG and real estate management - ESG in urban and project development