This report analyzes e-commerce in Asia and the Pacific, assesses its environmental impact, and explains why providing adequate internet, online payments, and last-mile logistics is key to creating a sustainable and inclusive digital marketplace. Noting the region makes up the largest share of the world’s online retail market, it tracks the impact of the pandemic and emphasizes the need to level the playing field for small businesses. It outlines ways for companies to measure their carbon footprint, highlights the potential risk of anti-competitive behavior, and explains the need to improve digital taxation policies in line with e-commerce’s rapid growth.

Poverty reduction remains a major development challenge in much of Asia and the Pacific. Historically, technology has played a central role in raising living standards across the region, including those of the poor. The Green Revolution and various ...

This volume focuses on one of the most innovative deep integration constructs, The Pacific Alliance, which aims at expanding the frontiers of trade and investment governance in Latin America. It draws on a conference held at Externado University in Bogota, Colombia, in November 2015, bringing together leading scholars, practitioners and officers of public, regional and international organisations interested in a critical analysis of the Alliance, its distinctiveness and likely future directions. The volume features contributions from the multi-disciplinary lens of law, political science and economics. The Pacific Alliance, comprising Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, aims through a participatory and consensual manner to promote the free circulation of goods, services, capital and persons among its members, and to secure deep economic integration through collaboration across a broader set of policy areas than typically obtains in more traditional preferential trade agreements. This volume is of interest to policy makers and staff of international organizations involved in trade and investment negotiations, international economic governance in general as well as faculty, researchers and graduate students of these topics and of international political economy and comparative regionalism.

This book explains how rapid digitalization during COVID-19 has accelerated the growth of digital services trade in Asia and the Pacific, and provides analysis on the opportunities, challenges, and associated risks. It explores evolving trends and considers trade agreements, cybersecurity, and effective taxation. It outlines how a greater focus on developing human capital, connectivity, investment in information and communication technology, and a positive regulatory environment can help digital services thrive. By underscoring the principal drivers and policies, it aims to build a better understanding of digital services to guide policy makers as they undertake domestic reforms designed to reduce the digital divide.

This title looks at the experience with the new economy in North America. It sets out the problems of measuring the effects of technological change on economic progress.

Business managers in developing countries would find in this volume a solid background to e-commerce at large, and to its significance within a wider framework of a resource-based view of their business and of the national economic settings within which they operate. The book is of special importance to the academic community of Internet students, as well as for those interested in economic development, by providing a pioneering insight into the issue of e-commerce in developing countries which may emerge strongly in the upcoming years. Aharon Kellerman, Growth and Change Undoubtedly an important contribution. E-commerce is a technology which holds the possibility of levelling the global trading playing field. This book provides a necessary review of current issues in e-commerce in developing economies, and a useful collection of good practice and solid theory for scholars, policymakers and professionals. John Peters, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK This is a road map of some of the challenges governments and companies face, in terms of physical and human infrastructure, as countries wrestle with a rapidly changing commercial environment. As the virtual world conquers ever more of the material world, countries that adapt and adopt to a cyber reality will likely do better. If you are doing business or setting policy in a developing country, you want to understand and address the issues raised in this book. Juan Enriquez, CEO, Biotechonomy, US and author of The Untied States of America and As the Future Catches You The authors of this unique volume provide a timely and valuable perspective on how technology and the Internet revolution are changing business and spurring development across the world, especially in emerging countries. Utilizing a framework grounded in rigorous theory, they provide a fine-grained understanding of electronic commerce adoption processes by public and private sector entities in developing countries. In so doing, they consider how each exchange encounter is shaped by, and in turn shapes, relational characteristics that form the basis for growth and development. Using a resource-based view of economies, the authors hypothesize that differences in the adoption of electronic commerce technologies in developing economies can be attributed to a sense-and-respond capability of governments with respect to new technologies, which they term technological opportunism . One of their main objectives is to establish the distinctiveness of technology opportunities from related constructs, such as innovativeness, and show that it offers a significantly better explanation of technology adoption and diffusion than do existing constructs. The book examines a number of developing countries experiences with electronic government, bringing real life experience to the adoption of an e-government model by looking at the issue from strategic as well as operational perspectives. The volume s ground-breaking research and conclusions will be of great interest to professionals, researchers and students in the areas of e-commerce and economic development; government officials of developing and newly industrialized countries contemplating e-government initiatives; and information technology managers.

This book investigates the reasons why regionalism in East Asia has been much weaker than in Western Europe and North America. It focuses particularly on economic factors, examining the regional and global linkages of production networks. Through a focused exploration of regional and global production networks, it argues that East Asia was not as regionally concentrated as was Western Europe or North America, lacking a regionally oriented productional basis to support the institutional arrangement of East Asia as a stand-alone economic community. Moreover, the regional production networks of each national economy in the region are influenced by a different set of value-added components from different global and regional origins. This divergence in their positions accounts for the mushrooming of divergent initiatives and projects for regional institutional arrangement. Finally, the institutional choices of the states to join Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CP/TPP) and/or Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) are found to be strongly influenced by the sectoral focuses and priorities of their economies. Demonstrating how the unique economic factors of each nation override other considerations for greater regional integration, this book will be a valuable resource to students and scholars of international trade, Asian politics and economics.

Annotation E-marketing is intrinsically interdisciplinary with academic researchers in many fields conducting research in the area. This book brings the work being conducted in many disciplines to one outlet, encouraging cross-fertilisation of ideas and greater dissemination of key research concepts.

Business-to-consumer (B2C) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce transactions, including social commerce, are rapidly expanding, although e-commerce is still small when compared to traditional business transactions. As the familiarity of making purchases using smart devices continues to expand, many global and regional investors hope to target the ASEAN region to tap into the rising digital market in this region. The Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN is an essential reference source that discusses economics, marketing strategies, and mobile payment systems, as well as digital marketplaces, communication technologies, and social technologies utilized for business purposes. Featuring research on topics such as business culture, mobile technology, and consumer satisfaction, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, financial managers, business professionals, academicians, students, and researchers.

Mobile commerce is based on the rapidly growing applications of wireless technologies and mobile communications. This study collects holistic perspectives to explore strategic considerations regarding potential opportunities and issues in mobile commerce.