There is now evidence that irreversible brain damage accumulates very early in the course of multiple sclerosis. This book reviews the main neurobiological, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical aspects of the early phases of the dis ease. Mechanisms ofirreversible axonal damage and the role played by the inter action of glia and the axon are highlighted. In contrast to what was believed for a long time, the sufficient availability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to promote remyelination in acute lesions has now been demonstrated. For reasons not understood, this remyelination process fails or does not start, particularly in the chronic stages ofthe disease. These findings emphasize the importance of the "milieu" changes induced by an inflammatory process in limiting remyelination. However, first indications are that part of this inflammatory process may have a neuroprotective effect. Pathological studies in multiple sclerosis have now clearly demonstrated that destructive processes may be followed by recovery phases in such a way that myelin may be morphologically and functionally reconstituted. These findings provide the rationale for early treatment and emphasize the importance of clinical trials in early multiple sclerosis. Early treatment is one of the most important aspects in multiple sclerosis today.

The progressive ageing of the general population and the consequent increase of the number of old people has made the typical medical problems of aged people more frequently observed, and particularly the problems related to the ageing brain. This new book is an updated overview of relevant aspects of cognitive decline associated with ageing. Within the wide landscape of brain ageing the authors reconsider the role of the main predisposing factors and risk factors on the development of various form of mental decline, from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The strength of this book is the large, updated overview of the most recent data of scientific literature regarding the role of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors on the predisposition and onset of cognitive decline. Particular attention is paid to the dietary micro- and macronutrients and to their possible role in the pathogenesis of the various form of dementigen disorders.

Unlike any other care plan book on the market, this resource contains selected care plans for pediatric, maternity, and psychiatric nursing in addition to medical-surgical nursing care plans for adult care. This is the only care planning resource that allows you to use one book throughout your nursing curriculum. Color-coded medical-surgical, maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric sections help you quickly find each content area while giving the book a full-color look and feel. Clinical experts update each subject area to ensure the most current, accurate, and clinically relevant content available. Each care plan employs a consistent format of Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. An open and attractive two-color design facilitates quick and easy retrieval of information. Nursing interventions and rationales are listed in a clear two-column format to make the information more accessible. Related NIC intervention and NOC outcome labels are listed for each nursing diagnosis. The Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning section highlights key patient education topics and list resources for further information. Health Care Setting is specified for each care plan, since different conditions are treated in various settings such as hospital, primary care, long-term care facility, community, and home care. Outcome criteria with specific timelines enable nurses to set realistic goals for nursing outcomes and provide quality, cost-effective care. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you to apply concepts to clinical practice. Includes the most recent NANDA Taxonomy II nursing diagnoses. Separate care plans on Pain and Palliative and End-of-Life Care focus on palliative care for patients with terminal illnesses, as well as relief of acute and chronic pain. A new "Overview/Pathophysiology" heading helps you easily locate this key content. Nursing diagnoses listed in order of importance/physiologic need helps you learn about prioritization. All content has been thoroughly updated to cover the latest clinical developments, including the most recent JNC7 hypertension guidelines, the latest breast cancer screening and treatment information, revised cholesterol parameters, new drug therapies, and much more. Patient teaching content and abbreviations have been thoroughly revised to reflect the latest JCAHO guidelines. Expanded and clarified rationales help you understand each intervention more clearly.

Myelin Repair and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis presents an up-date on the translational potential of promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). A number of research frontiers still exist in this challenging disease. The cause remains elusive, preventing breakthroughs in its prevention. The move towards oral immunomodulatory therapies has been a major advance, as has the finding of new genes linked to susceptibility that may open the door to new therapeutic approaches. However, a frontier that has been making significant strides in recent years has been that surrounding the neurobiology of myelin regeneration and axon protection: such have been the advances that clinical translation is on the cusp of being achieved. Two broad approaches to therapeutic enhancement of remyelination are envisaged: promoting endogenous remyelination by targeting cells present in the CNS, or, replacing lost myelinating cells from exogenous sources. Current research on oligodendrocyte biology, the pathology of MS, imaging of lesions and the biology of remyelination are paving the way toward opening this new translational frontier. Professor Duncan and Professor Franklin have assembled a broad group of experts in the fields of glial cell biology, neuropathology, radiology and clinical neurology to provide the background toward taking remyelination from experimented models into MS patients.

This edition contains information on the most recent NANDA taxonomy II nursing diagnoses included for each disorder. It includes sections on pain and end-of-life care and information on infection prevention and control.

Neurology: A Queen Square Textbook, second edition, is a fully revised and updated companion that demonstrates the rapid pace of advancement within clinical neurology and applied neurosciences A comprehensive and practical overview of current developments within clinical neurology, synthesising clinical neurology with translational research Expertly edited and written by neurologists, neuroscientists and neurosurgeons working at Queen Square, advised by an distinguished International Editor team to present a global perspective Introductory chapters summarise the basic sciences underpinning the practice of clinical neurology, including genetics, channelopathies, immunology, neurophysiology and neuropathology All chapters fully revised and updated to reflect the increasing role of neurologists in acute care Includes new contributions concerning major developments in the care of; stroke, epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disease, headache, infections, spinal disease, cranial nerve disease, neuropsychiatry, neurogenetics, neuro-oncology, uroneurology, neuro-otology, neuro-ophthalmology, pain medicine, sleep medicine, metabolic disease, drugs and toxins, autonomic disease, systemic disease, and neurorehabilitationfor dementia, epilepsy, headaches, neuro-genetics and many more

Reporting on the latest advances made in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and continuing the high standards set by earlier editions, the Handbook of Multiple Sclerosis, Third Edition examines a wide range of topics from etiology to treatment options. Analyzes recent developments in the natural history, immunopathology, lesion evolution, and

This book teaches readers the clinical skills residents in neurology have to acquire in the course of their training, and approaches neurology like a doctor approaches a patient: first there is a chapter on how to perform an efficient neurological history according to neuroanatomical key features, then a chapter on the bedside examination, followed by chapters on differential diagnosis, diagnostic procedures and lastly, the treatment. Neurology at the Bedside aims to provide readers with a personal clinical mentor. It takes them by the hand and guides them through the whole patient encounter from the history to the treatment, at each step pointing out what is essential and what is not. Extensive differential diagnostic flow charts and detailed treatment suggestions make it a perfect coat pocket reference for the wards. In addition, more than 50 unique case histories cover the entire spectrum of the field. Neurology at the Bedside is written for neurologists in training: residents as well as senior house officers. Also medical students, general practitioners and others with an interest in neurology will find invaluable information here that is difficult to look up in traditional textbooks or online references.