Earth reinforcing techniques are increasingly becoming a useful, powerful and economical solution to various problems encountered in geotechnical engineering practice. Expansion of the experiences and knowledge in this area has succeeded in developing new techniques and their applications to geotechnical engineering problems. In order to discuss the latest experiences and knowledge, and with the purpose of spreading them all over the world for further development, the IS Kyushi conference series on the subject of earth reinforcement have been held in Fukuoka, Japan, every four years since 1988. This fourth symposium, entitled "Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement", is a continuation of the series IS Kyushu conferences, and also aims at being one of the landmarks in the progress of modern earth reinforcement practice. The first volume contains 137 papers selected for the symposium covering almost every aspect of earth reinforcement. The second volume contains texts of the special and keynote lectures.

Earth reinforcement techniques are used worldwide, providing dependable solutions to a wide range of geotechnical engineering problems.Well-established earth reinforcement technologies are regularly augmented by new materials, innovative construction techniques and advances in design and analysis. Furthermore, reinforced earth structures are increasingly seen as expedient and economical techniques in disaster situations, such as earthquakes, flooding or tsunamis. NEW HORIZONS in EARTH REINFORCEMENT contains contributions from the 5th International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, Kyushu, Japan, 14-16 November 2007, and presents the very latest earth reinforcement techniques and design procedures. The volume showcases advances in materials and emerging applications, with special emphasis on disaster mitigation and geoenvironmental issues. The book will be invaluable to academics and professionals in geotechnical engineering.

Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures provides a coverage of the basic aspects of reinforced soil. The book is comprised of 12 chapters that cover the theoretical elements up to the practical applications. The first two chapters provide the introduction and historical review of the subject of reinforced soil. The third chapter presents a catalogue of some of the application areas for the use of earth reinforcement, while the fourth chapter covers the theoretical concepts. The next six chapters deal with the practical aspects of earth reinforcements, such as design, construction, costs, and durability. The remaining two chapters provide some worked examples and discuss the developments in earth reinforcement, respectively. The text will be of great use to undergraduate students of civil engineering and other related fields.

The following is just a selection of the contents - Theory and design related to the performance of reinforced soil structures - A study of the influence of soil on the reinforcement load in polymer grid reinforced soil structures - Cellular retaining walls reinforced by geosynthetics:behaviour and design - The results of pull out tests caried out in PFA on a reinforced and unreinforced soil walls - In-situ techniques of reinforced soil - Design and field test on reinforced cut slope - Reinforcing a sand slope surrorting a footing using steel bars - Discussion of papers in session 4 - Effect of reinforcement in embankment - Session Summary

Soilbags are usually incorporated into temporary structures, rather than being used in conventional construction, as they have a tendency to deteriorate rapidly on prolonged exposure to sunlight. The amazing bearing capacity of soilbags has, however, inspired the development of an earth reinforcement method in which the bearing capacity of soft foundations is enhanced, reaching ten per cent of that of concrete. New methods have seen their projected durability as a semi-permanent material extend to in excess of fifty years, provided that direct exposure to sunlight and ultra-violet rays is avoided. This book covers the development, properties and characteristics of soilbags, as well as design features of structures built by this method. The geotechnical applications in, for example, railway ballast foundation reinforcement, retaining walls and embankment constructions are extensively described and richly illustrated by reference to case studies from Japan. The intention is to stimulate a wider, international adoption of the method in earth reinforcement and civil engineering construction, with particular reference to developing countries. Geotechnical and foundation engineers and other professionals working on earth reinforcement will find this a valuable work, while it will provide supplementary information to graduate students in soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

zones to develop per rib spacing. Experimental results were in excellent agreement with model predictions.