The search for knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle mass homeostasis and regeneration is an exciting scientific area and extremely important to develop therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular disorders and conditions related to muscle wasting. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and regeneration consist of molecular signaling pathways modulating protein synthesis and degradation, bioenergetics alterations and preserved function of muscle stem cells. In the last years, different kinds of stem cells has been reported to be localized into skeletal muscle (satellite cells, mesoangioblasts, progenitor interstitial cells and others) or migrate from non-muscle sites, such as bone marrow, to muscle tissue in response to injury. In addition, myogenic progenitor cells are also activated in skeletal muscle wasting disorders. The goal of this research topic is to highlight the available knowledge regarding skeletal muscle and stem cell biology in the context of both physiological and pathological conditions. Our purpose herein is to facilitate better dissemination of research into skeletal muscle physiology field. Frontiers in Physiology is a journal indexed in: PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, CrossRef.

Neurocardiovascular diseases and disturbances are a distinguished group of the pathological entities that demand an integrative scientific approach to be studied, treated and finally, cured. Brain-heart and vessels axes can be comprehended as a complex, bidirectional unit of utmost importance for organism survival. Harmonized functioning of this unit through the autonomic nervous system interface can be fatally compromised by stress, infection, systemic diseases, dietary habits, pharmacological and surgical interventions. The scope of this Research Topic is to emphasize the importance of the scientists’ and medical practitioners’ attention to molecular and systemic modes of the brain-heart and vessels functioning and, often underestimated, neurocardiovascular pathology by a patient’s bedside. In the last couple of decades, this research area flourished and contributed to the general knowledge by placing the new milestones neurocardiovascular physiology and pathology. We hope that by this modest contribution we will provide an interesting, practical and innovative update on the novelties in the field of neurocardiovascular research.

Sarcopenia: Molecular, Cellular, and Nutritional Aspects describes the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, defined by Rosenberg in 1997 as a hallmark of aging and referred to as “sarcopenia.” As life expectancy continues to increase worldwide, sarcopenia has become a major public health issue. The condition worsens in the presence of chronic diseases accelerating its progression. Sarcopenia is not considered to be “a process of normative aging” but according to the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), as a disease. As sarcopenia is an ineluctable process, prevention and management are the only options to promote healthy aging; these actions should perhaps be taken during youth. Included in this book: · Features essential information on sarcopenia, its current definition, and molecular and cellular aspects of this disease · Discusses the development of physical frailty, a complication of sarcopenia, and predicts its occurrence in the older population · Presents alterations in muscle protein turnover and mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process · Provides data on the negative involvement of sarcopenia in certain chronic diseases · Describes presbyphagia or age-related changes in the swallowing mechanism in older people · Details possible strategies to combat muscle wasting in healthy older adults and their limits This book features information collected from pioneers or experts on human aging from around the globe, including Europe, Brazil, Canada, Japan and the United States. It is a valuable source of information for nutritional scientists, medical doctors, sports scientists, food scientists, dietitians, students in these fields, and for anyone interested in nutrition. We hope this book provides a better understanding of sarcopenia which inevitably occurs with aging without weight loss. Moreover, this book will supply information outlining strategies to prevent or limit muscle wasting due to normal aging in order to promote successful aging.