The Encyclopaedia fills a gap in both the history of science and in cultural stud ies. Reference works on other cultures tend either to omit science completely or pay little attention to it, and those on the history of science almost always start with the Greeks, with perhaps a mention of the Islamic world as a trans lator of Greek scientific works. The purpose of the Encyclopaedia is to bring together knowledge of many disparate fields in one place and to legitimize the study of other cultures' science. Our aim is not to claim the superiority of other cultures, but to engage in a mutual exchange of ideas. The Western aca demic divisions of science, technology, and medicine have been united in the Encyclopaedia because in ancient cultures these disciplines were connected. This work contributes to redressing the balance in the number of reference works devoted to the study of Western science, and encourages awareness of cultural diversity. The Encyclopaedia is the first compilation of this sort, and it is testimony both to the earlier Eurocentric view of academia as well as to the widened vision of today. There is nothing that crosses disciplinary and geographic boundaries, dealing with both scientific and philosophical issues, to the extent that this work does. xi PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Many years ago I taught African history at a secondary school in Central Africa.

Here, at last, is the massively updated and augmented second edition of this landmark encyclopedia. It contains approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes intercultural articles on broad topics such as mathematics and astronomy as well as thoughtful philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as rationality, objectivity, and method. You’ll also find material on religion and science, East and West, and magic and science.

The Encyclopaedia fills a gap in both the history of science and in cultural stud ies. Reference works on other cultures tend either to omit science completely or pay little attention to it, and those on the history of science almost always start with the Greeks, with perhaps a mention of the Islamic world as a trans lator of Greek scientific works. The purpose of the Encyclopaedia is to bring together knowledge of many disparate fields in one place and to legitimize the study of other cultures' science. Our aim is not to claim the superiority of other cultures, but to engage in a mutual exchange of ideas. The Western aca demic divisions of science, technology, and medicine have been united in the Encyclopaedia because in ancient cultures these disciplines were connected. This work contributes to redressing the balance in the number of reference works devoted to the study of Western science, and encourages awareness of cultural diversity. The Encyclopaedia is the first compilation of this sort, and it is testimony both to the earlier Eurocentric view of academia as well as to the widened vision of today. There is nothing that crosses disciplinary and geographic boundaries, dealing with both scientific and philosophical issues, to the extent that this work does. xi PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Many years ago I taught African history at a secondary school in Central Africa.

Each day, new applications and methods are developed for utilizing technology in the field of medical sciences, both as diagnostic tools and as methods for patients to access their medical information through their personal gadgets. However, the maximum potential for the application of new technologies within the medical field has not yet been realized. Mobile Devices and Smart Gadgets in Medical Sciences is a pivotal reference source that explores different mobile applications, tools, software, and smart gadgets and their applications within the field of healthcare. Covering a wide range of topics such as artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and oncology, this book is ideally designed for medical practitioners, mobile application developers, technology developers, software experts, computer engineers, programmers, ICT innovators, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

With this volume, the field of rhetoric of science joins its sister disciplines in history and philosophy in challenging the dominance of Euro-American science as a global epistemology. The discipline of rhetoric understands world-making and community-building as interdependent activities: that is, if we practice science differently, we do politics differently, and vice versa. This wider aperture seems crucial at a time when we are confronted with the limitations of Euro-American science and politics in managing global risks such as pandemics and climate change—particularly in our most vulnerable communities. The contributors to this volume draw on their familiarity with a wide range of global scientific traditions—from Australian Aboriginal ecology to West African medicine to Polynesian navigation science—to suggest possibilities for reconfiguring the relationship between science and politics to better manage global risks. These possibilities should not only inspire scholars in rhetoric and technical communication but should also introduce readers from science and technology studies to some useful new approaches to the problem of decolonizing scenes of scientific practice around the world.

Hospitalization, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surgery: The Lifecycle of Medical Sciences in Iran provides a complete understanding of the lifecycle of medicine in the underserved area of Iran. Coverage will elucidate the importance of communication between scientists in different countries for the further development of research to advance hospitalization infrastructure, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and surgery techniques and availability. Using a systematic timeline approach, coverage includes early medical sciences to present day of Iran. Each chapter highlights important research, techniques, and procedures throughout the lifecycle of medical sciences and includes topics from bloodletting and setting bones, to anesthesia and vaccines. The content in each chapter emphasizes standard protocols based on international recognition to help developing countries adopt newer technologies. Covers the lifecycle of medical sciences in Iran for a comprehensive introduction to the developments in hospitalization, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and surgery Shows ways that modern technology can be utilized in underserved areas of the world Provides the unique perspective and insight into the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases like M. tuberculosis from a country that has seen the progression of the disease and its available treatments over many years

Following the success of the popular introductory text,Elementary Food Science(5th edition) coversabroad range of food science topics organized infour parts; Part (1)Interrelated food science topics, Part (2)Food safety & sanitation, Part (3)Food preservation and processing and Part (4)Handling & processing of foods. The opening two chapters discuss what food science actually is, the significanceforsociety, and the large contribution of the food industry to jobs and revenue in the USA and globally. Succeeding chapterscover food regulatory agencies, food labels, food quality and sensory evaluation, and consumer food literacy. Part (2)hastwo new chapters explaininghow microbes affect food quality,and alsofoodborne disease outbreaks; GMP is described independently and as a prerequisite for HACCP, VACCP andTACCPfood-safety management systems. Part (3) containstwo new chapters dealing with basic aspects of food processing, and the quality of dried foods. Part (4) covershandling and processing major food commodity groups (meat, dairy products, poultry and eggs, fish and shellfish, cereal grains, bakery products, fruits and vegetables, sugar confectionary). A new final chapter coversthe foodservice industry. The text highlights food science links with industry uniquelyusing the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Overall, the book is thoroughly modernized with over 1500 references cited in recognition of thousands of named food scientists and other professionals. The target readership remain unchanged for the current edition, i.e. Students of food science fromsenior high school, colleges or universities. Sections of the book will also appeal toadvanced readers from other disciplines with perhaps little or noprior food science experience. Additionally, readers covering the intersection of food science with culinary arts, foodservices, and nutritionor public health will find the book useful.

Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures consists of about 25 essays dealing with the environmental knowledge and beliefs of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. In addition to articles surveying Islamic, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Indian, Thai, and Andean views of nature and the environment, among others, the book includes essays on Environmentalism and Images of the Other, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Worldviews and Ecology, Rethinking the Western/non-Western Divide, and Landscape, Nature, and Culture. The essays address the connections between nature and culture and relate the environmental practices to the cultures which produced them. Each essay contains an extensive bibliography. Because the geographic range is global, the book fills a gap in both environmental history and in cultural studies. It should find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars, as well as in libraries serving those groups.

Includes, beginning Sept. 15, 1954 (and on the 15th of each month, Sept.-May) a special section: School library journal, ISSN 0000-0035, (called Junior libraries, 1954-May 1961). Also issued separately.