These lecture notes provide a pedagogical introduction to quantum mechanics and to some of the mathematics that has been motivated by this field. They are a product of the school ``Entropy and the Quantum'', which took place in Tucson, Arizona, in 2009. They have been written primarily for young mathematicians, but they will also prove useful to more experienced analysts and mathematical physicists. In the first contribution, William Faris introduces the mathematics of quantum mechanics. Robert Seiringer and Eric Carlen review certain recent developments in stability of matter and analytic inequalities, respectively. Bruno Nachtergaele and Robert Sims review locality results for quantum systems, and Christopher King deals with additivity conjectures and quantum information theory. The final article, by Christian Hainzl, describes applications of analysis to the Shandrasekhar limit of stellar masses.

Numerous fundamental properties of quantum information measurement are developed, including the von Neumann entropy of a statistical operator and its limiting normalized version, the entropy rate. Use of quantum-entropy quantities is made in perturbation theory, central limit theorems, thermodynamics of spin systems, entropic uncertainty relations, and optical communication. This new softcover corrected reprint contains summaries of recent developments added to the ends of the chapters.

This book is a collection of outstanding papers on various aspects of entropy at the foundation of quantum physics. The covered topics range from purely foundational issues such as contextuality and Bell and Leggett–Garg inequalities to applications such as quantum key distribution, teleportation, and image encoding. The main ingredient binding them together in this book is that in all of the contained papers, entropy plays a key role either as a mathematical tool or as a link which bridges the gap between different fields of science.

Over 130 years ago, James Clerk Maxwell introduced his hypothetical "demon" as a challenge to the scope of the second law of thermodynamics. Fascination with the demon persisted throughout the development of statistical and quantum physics, information theory, and computer science, and links have been established between Maxwell's demon and each of

Rich information-theoretic structure in out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics exists in both the classical and quantum regimes, leading to the fruitful interplay among statistical physics, quantum information theory, and mathematical theories such as matrix analysis and asymptotic probability theory. The main purpose of this book is to clarify how information theory works behind thermodynamics and to shed modern light on it. The book focuses on both purely information-theoretic concepts and their physical implications. From the mathematical point of view, rigorous proofs of fundamental properties of entropies, divergences, and majorization are presented in a self-contained manner. From the physics perspective, modern formulations of thermodynamics are discussed, with a focus on stochastic thermodynamics and resource theory of thermodynamics. In particular, resource theory is a recently developed field as a branch of quantum information theory to quantify “useful resources” and has an intrinsic connection to various fundamental ideas of mathematics and information theory. This book serves as a concise introduction to important ingredients of the information-theoretic formulation of thermodynamics.

This volume seeks to return to the starting point of bio-informatics and quantum information, where these fields are constantly engaged in explosive advancements, and to seriously attempt mutual interaction between the two fields, with a view to enumerating and solving the many encountered fundamental problems. For such a purpose, we look for interdisciplinary bridges in mathematics, physics, information and life sciences, in particular, the research for a new paradigm for information science and life science on the basis of quantum theory.

This book presents the basics of quantum computing and quantum information theory. It emphasizes the mathematical aspects and the historical continuity of both algorithms and information theory when passing from classical to quantum settings. The book begins with several classical algorithms relevant for quantum computing and of interest in their own right. The postulates of quantum mechanics are then presented as a generalization of classical probability. Complete, rigorous, and self-contained treatments of the algorithms of Shor, Simon, and Grover are given. Passing to quantum information theory, the author presents it as a straightforward adaptation of Shannon's foundations to information theory. Both Shannon's theory and its adaptation to the quantum setting are explained in detail. The book concludes with a chapter on the use of representation theory in quantum information theory. It shows how all known entropy inequalities, including the celebrated strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy, may be obtained from a representation theory perspective. With many exercises in each chapter, the book is designed to be used as a textbook for a course in quantum computing and quantum information theory. Prerequisites are elementary undergraduate probability and undergraduate algebra, both linear and abstract. No prior knowledge of quantum mechanics or information theory is required.