Presented by recognised experts around the world this reference book helps identify the role of medical and surgical therapies in the treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer and prostasis. By combining the latest epidemiological data with detailed comment on management and treatment, the book is a unique up-to-date and fully referenced resource on the subject.

Epidemiology of Chronic Disease: Global Perspectives is the most current and authoritative resource on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and preventive factors of over 50 major chronic diseases and conditions. This comprehensive text provides readers with an excellent basis for examining current hypotheses regarding chronic disease epidemiology.

Now in its Fifth Edition, Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials is a comprehensive, concise, and clinically oriented introduction to the subject of epidemiology. Written by expert educators, this text introduces students to the principles of evidence-based medicine that will help them develop and apply methods of clinical observation in order to form accurate conclusions. The Fifth Edition includes more complete coverage of systematic reviews and knowledge management, as well as other key topics such as abnormality, diagnosis, frequency and risk, prognosis, treatment, prevention, chance, studying cases and cause.

From 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations are conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence.Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2012 reviews peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published in October 2010-September 2012 and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database. This report considers whether a statistical association with herbicide exposure exists, taking into account the strength of the scientific evidence and the appropriateness of the statistical and epidemiological methods used to detect the association; the increased risk of disease among those exposed to herbicides during service in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam era; and whether there exists a plausible biological mechanism or other evidence of a causal relationship between herbicide exposure and the disease.

Tumor Board Reviews provides comprehensive coverage of all topics in oncology. Each of the 32 chapters focuses on a specific major disease. A brief overview of epidemiology and risk factors is followed by a sequence of specific presentations organized by tumors stage or disease classification. Each discussion features a case presentation that mimics the format of a tumor board presentation and thus illustrates key diagnostic and management decisions. There is also a discussion of the evidence that supports the clinical management decisions taken in the case, based on current expert panel guidelines. Algorithms and decision tree graphics are used extensively to provide visual support of the decision process. The combination of case presentations and evidence-based management discussions make this volume a unique tool for keeping current with clinical guidelines and provides the reader with a clear understanding of applications of new information for use in daily practice.

This monograph reviews the literature linking prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94) to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It reveals four important insights not previously reported in the scientific literature: PSP94 is fungicidal within epithelial cells that synthesize it, but it is not fungicidal extracellularly due to inhibition by calcium ions. Prostatic epithelial cells of BPH men secrete an incomplete version of PSP94 which is not fungicidal; non-BPH men only secrete the fungicidal version. Epidemiological data indicate that a yet-to-be-identified sexually transmissible infection is causing prostate cancer, BPH and non-bacterial prostatitis. The gene responsible for the synthesis of PSP94 is expressed in all late onset cancers sites, representing 75% of all cancer cases in developed countries; it is not expressed in any early onset cancer sites of unknown etiology. The etiologies of prostate cancer and BPH are not known. Prostatic inflammation can be observed in 80% of elderly men. Epidemiologists have been predicting for more than a decade that a yet-to-be-identified sexually transmissible infection is causing prostate cancer. The search for prostatic pathogens has resulted in dozens of studies, yet a disease causing agent still eludes researchers. Research has focused on known sexually transmissible infections and bacteria. Two 2008 genome wide association studies reported that a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the PSP94 gene was associated with a 1.6x increase in risk of prostate cancer: the risk allele causes reduced synthesis of PSP94 in the prostate. Taken together, these facts suggest that PSP94's primary purpose is to defend epithelial cells from an intracellular pathogen which is causing prostate cancer and BPH, and possibly other diseases. Though this hypothesis is fully consistent with the current scientific literature, additional studies are necessary. Might this hypothesis be correct or not, understanding the mechanisms behind PSP94's protective properties for prostate cancer and its role in other late onset cancers should be given high priority in cancer research.

This comprehensive text focuses on the management of prostate diseases.With an emphasis on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, coverage is broad yet definitive.Contributors are internationally recognized authorities.