The papers collected here comprise the proceedings of a Workshop in honor ofMerrilee and Wes Salmon, held in Florence on May 17-18, 1996. The aim of the meeting was to pay homage to these two American scholars, whose contact with Italian and European Universities and Institutes had a major influence on "Continental" thought in the field of epistemology and probability. In fact, Merrilee and Wes spent various periods lecturing at the Universities of Bologna, Florence, Rome, Trieste, Catania and Pisa, as well as in the University of Constance, where they helped to build a strong cultural "bridge" with the Pittsburgh Center for the Philosophy of Science. The Florence Center for the History and Philosophy of Science is particularly thankful to the Salmons for their ongoing cooperation and frequent visits. We must not forget that Wes Salmon was in the Florence Center and at the Philosophy Department of Florence, as visiting scholar, on many occasions, and that he made important contributions which have later appeared in Italian journals, such as Iride and Rivista di jilosojia. Merrilee was a speaker at the Conference on "Genetics, Linguistics, and Archaeology" (May 20-24,1991), organized by the Florence Center. Both Wes and Merrilee often enlivened the arguments of the initiatives they took part in.

The papers collected here comprise the proceedings of a Workshop in honor ofMerrilee and Wes Salmon, held in Florence on May 17-18, 1996. The aim of the meeting was to pay homage to these two American scholars, whose contact with Italian and European Universities and Institutes had a major influence on "Continental" thought in the field of epistemology and probability. In fact, Merrilee and Wes spent various periods lecturing at the Universities of Bologna, Florence, Rome, Trieste, Catania and Pisa, as well as in the University of Constance, where they helped to build a strong cultural "bridge" with the Pittsburgh Center for the Philosophy of Science. The Florence Center for the History and Philosophy of Science is particularly thankful to the Salmons for their ongoing cooperation and frequent visits. We must not forget that Wes Salmon was in the Florence Center and at the Philosophy Department of Florence, as visiting scholar, on many occasions, and that he made important contributions which have later appeared in Italian journals, such as Iride and Rivista di jilosojia. Merrilee was a speaker at the Conference on "Genetics, Linguistics, and Archaeology" (May 20-24,1991), organized by the Florence Center. Both Wes and Merrilee often enlivened the arguments of the initiatives they took part in.

Is MER (The Mystical Experience of Reality) What Humans Are All About? The Mystical Experience of Reality book and blog series by Keith Michael Hancock is a uniquely serious case history of newly emerging facts about the mystical experience of Reality (MER). It is presented here to add to the growing scientific and academic literature being produced around the world today–what human existence is really all about. Does God exist, or is much more revealing itself in our evolutionary progress? Many scientists and scholars are experiencing the answer–Yes! Mystical Experience of Reality Volume I, and now Volume II, are compiled of posts from Keith's Blog, Mystic Experiences. Volume II was thought necessary because Keith’s latest revelations have brought these historically important messages to a concluding realisation of what the human condition is all about. See Summing Up at the end of the book. Scholars, scientists and spiritual Seekers around the world who visit and follow his blog will appreciate Summing Up as a uniquely new, complete understanding of why we're here. In this book Keith has aimed to keep each topic shorter and on point, always leaving you with a new thought to ponder, always encouraging you to dig deeper and recall your own experiences thus far. WHY KEITH? He doesn’t know! He says he is not aware of any qualification he had or has for receiving the mystical experiences of Reality (MER), the truth of Reality’s existence. He says he wasn’t religious or spiritual and didn't even know the word ‘mystic’ when they started. The Mystical Experience of Reality, as Keith calls it, is a well-known, historical, non-biological, non-human historical phenomena that engulfed him as a 14-year-old several times every year until his late thirties, filling him with the experience of a Reality in which all things known and unknown exist at Its behest, guarding, guiding, accepting everything that exists, separately, personally, individually. It is benign and uninterested in human wants or constructs such as religions, politics, ideologies. It only deals with individuals. The experiences bring profound joy and love, with a knowledge beyond all human experience. Keith insists the experience of Reality is caught, not taught. The books are filled with posts from Keith’s blog, mysticexperiences.net, for the author to examine himself and his existence in accordance with the way of Reality. Accordingly, he says he found by comparison that there is nothing in humanity worth studying. The first book, Mystic Experiences of Reality Volume I, and this one, Volume II, are summations of years of using writing to explore the awareness given Keith by his mystical experiences, in the hope it will add to the literature on the subject, which is now being more seriously studied around the world than it has ever been. Keith’s writing also seeks to pass on Reality's personal message to him–All Is Well.

The central concern of this book is us human beings. The authors' basic question is: ‘How is it that we can live in mutual care, have ethical concerns, and at the same time deny all that through the rational justification of aggression?' The authors answer this basic question indirectly by providing a look into the fundaments of our biological constitution, concentrating on what they term emotioning, that is the flow of emotions in daily life that guides the flow of the systemic conservation of a manner of living. Maturana and Verden-Zöller claim that the fundamental emotion that gave rise to humans as sapient languaging beings was love, and that this remains our fundament even when other emotions become socially prevalent.

Ecclesiastes is a persuasive speech with a rhetoric so unique that it can be easily misunderstood. It speaks powerfully to believers as well as nonbelievers because it addresses the question of the meaning of life in the most satisfying way. The heart of this book is an expositional commentary that interprets Ecclesiastes as authoritative Scripture. It seeks to recover the rhetoric of the speech in terms of its comprehensive message on the meaning of life as well as its compelling force to get the message across. Preceding the expositional commentary is an introduction to Ecclesiastes that presents a new approach to outlining and reading Ecclesiastes as a coherent speech. It also presents an overview of the “forest”—the overall rhetorical flow of the speech from beginning to end. This is to prevent one from getting lost when immersed in the “trees” of the expositional commentary. Following the expositional commentary are two topical studies to give Ecclesiastes the breadth and depth of coverage it deserves. The first is an interdisciplinary exposition on the meaning of life. The second is an interpretive essay to defend exegetically the interpretation of Ecclesiastes as a coherent speech.

How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is "really" like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of one hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Intended for undergraduates and general readers with no prior background in philosophy, Theory and Reality covers logical positivism; the problems of induction and confirmation; Karl Popper's theory of science; Thomas Kuhn and "scientific revolutions"; the views of Imre Lakatos, Larry Laudan, and Paul Feyerabend; and challenges to the field from sociology of science, feminism, and science studies. The book then looks in more detail at some specific problems and theories, including scientific realism, the theory-ladeness of observation, scientific explanation, and Bayesianism. Finally, Godfrey-Smith defends a form of philosophical naturalism as the best way to solve the main problems in the field. Throughout the text he points out connections between philosophical debates and wider discussions about science in recent decades, such as the infamous "science wars." Examples and asides engage the beginning student; a glossary of terms explains key concepts; and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. However, this is a textbook that doesn't feel like a textbook because it captures the historical drama of changes in how science has been conceived over the last one hundred years. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates in language that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow.

The Mystical Experience of Reality is a well known non-biological, non-human historical phenomena that engulfed the author as a 14year-old several times every year until his late thirties, filling him with the experience of a Reality in which all things known and unknown exist at Its behest, guarding, guiding, accepting everything that exists separately, personally, individually. It is benign and uninterested in human wants or constructs such as religions, politics, ideologies. The author is what Buddhism would call a pratyakabuddha, a silent buddha whose experience of this Reality was spontaneous, without having been requested or by given human help - a mystic. He insists the experience of Reality is caught, not taught, that it cannot be evangelized or proselytized, worshipped or used. Reality rules. Its ways are not our ways. Our ways are not Reality's. Jesus failed. Religions are not spiritual, just emotional. So the book started with a Blog, mysticexperiences.net for the author to examine himself and existence in accordance with the way of Reality. Accordingly, he found nothing in humanity worth studying. This book is a summation of four years of using writing the blog to explore the awareness given him by his mystical experiences in the hope it will add to the literature on the subject, which is now being more seriously studied around the world than it has ever been by physicists, metaphysicists, philosophers, theologians, psychologists, even cosmologists - and especially Seekers, for whom the author has special messages for their unique hunger and thirst. The book also seeks to pass on Reality's message to the author: All is well.

How is your reality created? Between You and the Universe explores this fundamental question and explains how science, symbols, and experience work together to create reality. These aspects co-create everything around you from the experiences you feel, the words you communicate with, and your knowledge of the universe. It's curious and revelatory to see so many various subjects fit together into one cohesive story - a story about you. Topics in this book range from how you become consciously aware, how your sensations work, how language facilitates your experience, what symbols are, why symbols exist everywhere around you, what assumptions exist in science, and of course, the unknowns that we still wish to explain.

This book is a thorough and critical, comparative analysis of the logic of modern scientific thought and of traditional teachings generally referred to as mythological and mystical. Different rationalities with different domains of interest and legitimacy exist, which should not be confused and cannot be unified in any theory of "Ultimate Reality." Atlan suggests they must coexist in practice, although each of them presents itself as an exclusive and all-encompassing truth. The book introduces teachings from Jewish talmudic, midrashic, and kabbalist sources and text from Zen and Taoism to exemplify the kind of rationality or controlled irrationality at work in such traditional thinking.

This book explores various explanatory frameworks for paranormal encounters. It opens with the story of an inexplicable human figure seen crossing a secluded hotel corridor, interpreted as a ghost by the sole witness. The subsequent chapters explore the three most important historical perspectives accounting for this and other types of paranormal experience. Each perspective is examined from first principles, with specific reference to what happened in the corridor, how it happened, why it happened, and who might be responsible. The first perspective considers the experience to be legitimate – to be something real – and various possibilities are presented that are grounded in the paranormal and parapsychological literature, among which a “ghost” is one putative explanation. In turn, the second perspective treats the experience as being wholly illegitimate. With reference to psychological theory, the ghost sighting is a product of erroneous consciousness. The third perspective is different yet again, and considers the sighting to be authentic, but argues that explaining the ghost requires a radical departure from conventional models of reality and consciousness. By contrasting these three paths, the book provides a valuable resource for readers interested in the philosophical and psychological origins of explanations for paranormal experiences, from the 19th century to the present. It will appeal to general readers in addition to students and scholars of parapsychology, anomalistic psychology, and consciousness studies.