This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern particle physics accessible to anyone with a true passion for wanting to know how the universe works. We are introduced to the known particles of the world we live in. An elegant explanation of quantum mechanics and relativity paves the way for an understanding of the laws that govern particle physics. These laws are put into action in the world of accelerators, colliders and detectors found at institutions such as CERN and Fermilab that are in the forefront of technical innovation. Real world and theory meet using Feynman diagrams to solve the problems of infinities and deduce the need for the Higgs boson.Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics offers an incredible insight from an eyewitness and participant in some of the greatest discoveries in 20th century science. From Einstein's theory of relativity to the spectacular discovery of the Higgs particle, this book will fascinate and educate anyone interested in the world of quarks, leptons and gauge theories.This book also contains many thumbnail sketches of particle physics personalities, including contemporaries as seen through the eyes of the author. Illustrated with pictures, these candid sketches present rare, perceptive views of the characters that populate the field.The Chapter on Particle Theory, in a pre-publication, was termed 'superbly lucid' by David Miller in Nature (Vol. 396, 17 Dec. 1998, p. 642).

NEW DIMENSIONS IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY summarizes certain results of the author's theoretical research toward developing a mathematically very simple Unified Theory of Elementary Particles and Interactions (UTOEPI.) Here the masses of the particles of the Standard Model, including the Higgs boson (the the socalled God Particle), are directly represented in terms of the interaction. The book introduces a new paradigm of a three-dimensional time, as an essential extension of Einstein's relativity theory. Interrelation between the classical and quantum physics is illustrated. Examples of applications in cosmology and the significance of the neutron decay in the evolution of matter, and of life on the earth, are included.

The Big Bang, the birth of the universe, was a singular event. All of the matter of the universe was concentrated at a single point, with temperatures so high that even the familiar protons and neutrons of atoms did not yet exist, but rather were replaced by a swirling maelstrom of energy, matter and antimatter. Exotic quarks and leptons flickered briefly into existence, before merging back into the energy sea.This book explains the fascinating world of quarks and leptons and the forces that govern their behavior. Told from an experimental physicist's perspective, it forgoes mathematical complexity, using instead particularly accessible figures and apt analogies. In addition to the story of quarks and leptons, which are regarded as well-accepted fact, the author (who is a leading researcher at one of the world's highest energy particle physics laboratories) also discusses mysteries at both the experimental and theoretical frontiers, before tying it all together with the exciting field of cosmology and indeed the birth of the universe itself.The text spans the tiny world of the quark to the depths of the universe with breathtaking clarity. The casual student of science will appreciate the careful distinction between what is known (quarks, leptons and antimatter), what is suspected (Higgs bosons, neutrino oscillations and the reason why the universe has so little antimatter) and what is merely dreamed (supersymmetry, superstrings and extra dimensions). Included is an unprecedented chapter explaining the accelerators and detectors of modern particle physics experiments. The chapter discussing the hunt for the Higgs boson — currently consuming the efforts of nearly 6000 physicists — reveals drama that only big-stakes science can give. Understanding the Universe leaves the reader with a deep appreciation of the fascinating particle realm and reverence for just how much it determines the rich beauty of our universe.Since the release of the first edition, the landscape has changed. The venerable Fermilab Tevatron has ceased operations after a quarter century of extraordinary performance, to be replaced by the CERN Large Hadron Collider, an accelerator with a design energy of seven times greater than the Tevatron and a collision rate of nearly a billion collisions per second. The next few years promise to be very exciting as scientists explore this new realm. This revised edition of Understanding the Universe will leave the reader with a deep appreciation of just why physicists are so excited.

In Newton's classical mechanics, time played the role of a monotonically increasing evolution parameter. Einstein rejected the Newtonian concept and instead identified time as the fourth coordinate of a space-time four-vector. Today, scientists are considering different concepts of time as a means of resolving incompatibilities between relativity and quantum mechanics. Some view time as an emergent property of a system rather than a fundamental property, while others consider two temporal variables. The purpose of this book is to examine the role of time in modern physics so that the reader gains an increased awareness of time and its place in our understanding of nature.

This is the second edition, with changes and additions, of a book proposed about two years ago. For the layman, modern physics is like an immense and magnificent cathedral that is impressive in its complex and sophisticated architecture, and amazing in size and richness of the workmanship. Yet, in this apparently almost complete edifice, there is no answer to a long series of basic and crucial questions, while in any case these answers are indispensable and preliminary to any general theory. It is essential to avoid the confusion between appropriate and clarifying answers and false tautological answers or formulas that actually say nothing about the questions posed. In this book, the starting point is the interpretation given by Einstein’s general relativity to explain the gravitational force not as an action at a distance but as an effect intrinsic to the deformation of space caused by a “mass”. This interpretation is extended to the explanation of any attractive or repulsive force as an effect of flattening of dimensions with positive or negative curvature, one for each force. It offers, without any forcing, an explanation for most of the unsolved questions of physics, of the nature of a mass, matter and antimatter, of the structure of an atom, of the origin of natural constants, of the quantization of phenomena, etc. It also offers a different interpretation of the nature of electrons and black holes. Furthermore, the existence of antimatter in protons, but not in neutrons, is also predicted, a phenomenon that appears to be documented by recent works. This book is not written by a physicist but it is also highlighted why a professional physicist would have to overcome serious or insurmountable difficulties to give innovative answers to the fundamental unsolved problems of physics using concepts unrelated to those currently accepted.

Human chemistry is the study of bond-forming and bond-breaking reactions between people and the structures they form. People often speak of having either good or bad chemistry together: whereby, according to consensus, the phenomenon of love is a chemical reaction. The new science of human chemistry is the study of these reactions. Historically, human chemistry was founded with the 1809 publication of the classic novella Elective Affinities, by German polymath Johann von Goethe, a chemical treatise on the origin of love. Goethe based his human chemistry on Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman's 1775 chemistry textbook A Dissertation on Elective Attractions, which itself was founded on Isaac Newton's 1687 supposition that the cause of chemical phenomena may 'all depend upon certain forces by which the particles of bodies, by some causes hitherto unknown, are either mutually impelled towards each other, and cohere in regular figures, or are repelled and recede from one another'; which thus defines life.

This book is intended for undergraduate or beginning graduate students. The net outcome is material to cover one integrated course on Nuclear and Particle Physics as well as Astrophysics.There are many advantages in teaching all these subjects together as they have become increasingly inseparable. From a theoretical point of view, understanding the similarities between atoms, nuclei and other hadrons and applying analogs from one to the other have been very effective in research and they have led to the development of all these fields. From an experimental point of view, a high energy experimentalist must understand nuclear physics, if he or she wants to construct new devices, like detectors, etc., appropriate for observing new high energy phenomena. Furthermore, an understanding of certain areas of astrophysics and the physics of the cosmos, demands a good grasp of both nuclear and particle physics.This book is intended as a menu from which the reader can pick material according to his or her taste and interests. The authors inserted proper cross references to make a specific selection by the reader from this menu as easily digestible as possible. The authors supplied sets of problems with varying degree of complexity, accompanied by hints or a sketch of the solution, if needed, in most chapters.

This book was inspired by the general observation that the great theories of modern physics are based on simple and transparent underlying mathematical structures – a fact not usually emphasized in standard physics textbooks – which makes it easy for mathematicians to understand their basic features. It is a textbook on quantum theory intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students: mathematics students interested in modern physics, and physics students who are interested in the mathematical background of physics and are dissatisfied with the level of rigor in standard physics courses. More generally, it offers a valuable resource for all mathematicians interested in modern physics, and all physicists looking for a higher degree of mathematical precision with regard to the basic concepts in their field.

The goal of this essay is to discuss the future of discovery in particle physics. Its primary motivation is the 2019 European Strategy update, which aims to determine the future experimental and theoretical priorities for particle physics. A key question is to understand what the standard theory (Standard Model) of particle physics really is, which the author argues has been a foggy notion for several decades which he clarifies. It then is to decide what motivated beyond the Standard Model theories are to be targeted by experiment. This book brightly exposes these theories, and puts current particle physics research into its historical context and points the way toward future work.

Spacetime Physics Research Trends