As a first comprehensive overview on Farey sequences and subsequences, this monograph is intended as a reference for anyone looking for specific material or formulas related to the subject. Duality of subsequences and maps between them are discussed and explicit proofs are shown in detail. From the Content Basic structural and enumerative properties of Farey sequences, Collective decision making, Committee methods in pattern recognition, Farey duality, Farey sequence, Fundamental Farey subsequences, Monotone bijections between Farey subsequences

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2007, held in Eilat, Israel, in October 2007 in the context of the combined conference ALGO 2007. The 63 revised full papers presented together with abstracts of three invited lectures address all current subjects in algorithmics reaching from design and analysis issues of algorithms over to real-world applications and engineering of algorithms in various fields.

The investigation of dynamics of piecewise-smooth maps is both intriguing from the mathematical point of view and important for applications in various fields, ranging from mechanical and electrical engineering up to financial markets. In this book, we review the attracting and repelling invariant sets of continuous and discontinuous one-dimensional piecewise-smooth maps. We describe the bifurcations occurring in these maps (border collision and degenerate bifurcations, as well as homoclinic bifurcations and the related transformations of chaotic attractors) and survey the basic scenarios and structures involving these bifurcations. In particular, the bifurcation structures in the skew tent map and its application as a border collision normal form are discussed. We describe the period adding and incrementing bifurcation structures in the domain of regular dynamics of a discontinuous piecewise-linear map, and the related bandcount adding and incrementing structures in the domain of robust chaos. Also, we explain how these structures originate from particular codimension-two bifurcation points which act as organizing centers. In addition, we present the map replacement technique which provides a powerful tool for the description of bifurcation structures in piecewise-linear and other form of invariant maps to a much further extent than the other approaches.

This book presents the latest computational models of rhythm and meter that are based on number theory, combinatorics and pattern matching. Two computational models of rhythm and meter are evaluated: The first one explores a relatively new field in Mathematics, namely Combinatorics on Words, specifically Christoffel Words and the Burrows-Wheeler Transform, together with integer partitions. The second model uses filtered Farey Sequences in combination with specific weights that are assigned to inter-onset ratios. This work is assessed within the context of the current state of the art of tempo tracking and computational music transcription. Furthermore, the author discusses various representations of musical rhythm, which lead to the development of a new shorthand notation that will be useful for musicologists and composers. Computational Models of Rhythm and Meter also contains numerous investigations into the timing structures of human rhythm and metre perception carried out within the last decade. Our solution to the transcription problem has been tested using a wide range of musical styles, and in particular using two recordings of J.S. Bach's Goldberg Variations by Glenn Gould. The technology is capable of modelling musical rhythm and meter by using Farey Sequences, and by detecting duration classes in a windowed analysis, which also detects the underlying tempo. The outcomes represent human performances of music as accurate as possible within Western score notation.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Combinatorial Image Analysis, IWCIA 2009, held in Playa del Carmen, Mexico, in November 2009. The 32 revised full papers and one invited paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on digital geometry: curves, straightness, convexity, geometric transformations, metrics, distance transforms and skeletons, segmentation, thinning, skeletonization, image representation, processing, analysis, reconstruction and recognition, digital tomography, image models based on geometry, combinatorics, arithmetics, algebra, mathematical morphology, topology and grammars, as well as digital topology and its applications to image modeling and analysis.

This unique volume presents a fruitful and beautiful mathematical world hidden in Caianiello's neuronic equations, which describe the instantaneous behavior of a model of a brain or thinking machine. The detailed analysis from a viewpoint of “dynamical systems”, even in a single neuron case, enables us to obtain amazingly good rational approximations to the Hecke-Mahler series with two variables. Some interesting numerical applications of our rational approximations are also discussed.This book is fundamentally self-contained and many topics required in it are explained from the beginning. Each chapter contains a number of instructive and mostly original exercises at various levels.

This textbook provides a rigorous analytical treatment of the theory of Maass wave forms. Readers will find this unified presentation invaluable, as it treats Maass wave forms as the central area of interest. Subjects at the cutting edge of research are explored in depth, such as Maass wave forms of real weight and the cohomology attached to Maass wave forms and transfer operators. Because Maass wave forms are given a deep exploration, this book offers an indispensable resource for those entering the field. Early chapters present a brief introduction to the theory of classical modular forms, with an emphasis on objects and results necessary to fully understand later material. Chapters 4 and 5 contain the book’s main focus: L-functions and period functions associated with families of Maass wave forms. Other topics include Maass wave forms of real weight, Maass cusp forms, and weak harmonic Maass wave forms. Engaging exercises appear throughout the book, with solutions available online. On the Theory of Maass Wave Forms is ideal for graduate students and researchers entering the area. Readers in mathematical physics and other related disciplines will find this a useful reference as well. Knowledge of complex analysis, real analysis, and abstract algebra is required.

``It is difficult to define the genre of the book. It is not a problem book, nor a textbook, nor a `book for reading about mathematics'. It is most of all reminiscent of a good lecture course, from which a thoughtful student comes away with more than was actually spoken about in the lectures.'' --from the Preface by A. S. Merkurjev If you are acquainted with mathematics at least to the extent of a standard high school curriculum and like it enough to want to learn more, and if, in addition, you are prepared to do some serious work, then you should start studying this book. An understanding of the material of the book requires neither a developed ability to reason abstractly nor skill in using the refined techniques of mathematical analysis. In each chapter elementary problems are considered, accompanied by theoretical material directly related to them. There are over 300 problems in the book, most of which are intended to be solved by the reader. In those places in the book where it is natural to introduce concepts outside the high school syllabus, the corresponding definitions are given with examples. And in order to bring out the meaning of such concepts clearly, appropriate (but not too many) theorems are proved concerning them. Unfortunately, what is sometimes studied at school under the name ``mathematics'' resembles real mathematics not any closer than a plucked flower gathering dust in a herbarium or pressed between the pages of a book resembles that same flower in the meadow besprinkled with dewdrops sparkling in the light of the rising sun.

In spite of the fact that arithmetic majors are generally familiar with number hypothesis when they have finished a course in conceptual polynomial math, different students, particularly those in training and the human sciences, regularly require a more essential prologue to the theme. In this book the writer takes care of the issue of keeping up the enthusiasm of understudies at the two levels by offering a combinatorial way to deal with basic number hypothesis. In concentrate number hypothesis from such a point of view, arithmetic majors are saved reiteration and furnished with new bits of knowledge, while different understudies advantage from the subsequent effortlessness of the verifications for some hypotheses. Of specific significance in this content is the creator's accentuation on the estimation of numerical cases in number hypothesis and the part of PCs in getting such illustrations. The point of this book is to acquaint the reader with essential subjects in number hypothesis: hypothesis of distinctness, arithmetrical capacities, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, added substance number hypothesis, probabilistic number hypothesis, hypothesis of Diophantine approximations and logarithmic number hypothesis.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2004, held in Santa Barbara, California, USA in August 2004. The 33 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 211 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections in linear cryptanalysis, group signatures, foundations, efficient representations, public key cryptanalysis, zero-knowledge, hash collision, secure computation, stream cipher cryptanalysis, public key encryption, bounded storage model, key management, and computationally unbounded adversaries.