Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or MAGIC), and T1‒T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical description of the underlying models, their application, and evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment efficacy.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a 'go-to' reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: - The basic physics behind tissue property mapping - How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties - The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* - The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion - The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor - maps and more complex representations of diffusion - How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed - How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance - Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes - How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs - Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds - Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements - Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges - Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

The ten-volume set LNCS 14220, 14221, 14222, 14223, 14224, 14225, 14226, 14227, 14228, and 14229 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2023, which was held in Vancouver, Canada, in October 2023. The 730 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 2250 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Machine learning with limited supervision and machine learning – transfer learning; Part II: Machine learning – learning strategies; machine learning – explainability, bias, and uncertainty; Part III: Machine learning – explainability, bias and uncertainty; image segmentation; Part IV: Image segmentation; Part V: Computer-aided diagnosis; Part VI: Computer-aided diagnosis; computational pathology; Part VII: Clinical applications – abdomen; clinical applications – breast; clinical applications – cardiac; clinical applications – dermatology; clinical applications – fetal imaging; clinical applications – lung; clinical applications – musculoskeletal; clinical applications – oncology; clinical applications – ophthalmology; clinical applications – vascular; Part VIII: Clinical applications – neuroimaging; microscopy; Part IX: Image-guided intervention, surgical planning, and data science; Part X: Image reconstruction and image registration.

2004 BMA Medical Book Competition Winner (Radiology category) “This is an exciting book, with a new approach to use of the MRI scanner. It bridges the gap between clinical research and general neuro-radiological practice. It is accessible to the clinical radiologist, and yet thorough in its treatment of the underlying physics and of the science of measurement. It is likely to become a classic.” British Medical Association This indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR is essential for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative methods to measure the effects of neurological disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. It contains both the methodology and clinical applications, reflecting the increasing interest in quantitative MR in studying disease and its progression. The editor is an MR scientist with an international reputation for high quality research The contributions are written jointly by MR physicists and MR clinicians, producing a practical book for both the research and medical communities A practical book for both the research and medical communities “Paul Tofts has succeeded brilliantly in capturing the essence of what needs to become the future of radiology in particular, and medicine in general – quantitative measurements of disease.” Robert I. Grossman, M.D. New York, University School of Medicine (from the Foreword)

Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory's applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. - Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord - Contains "cooking recipes—examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice - Ideal for clinical settings

qMRI is a rapidly evolving scientific field of high current interest because it has the potential of radically changing the clinical and research practices of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This focuses solely on the theoretical aspects of qMRI, which are treated and analyzed at three different spatial scales, specifically: i) the quantum physics scale of individual spins; ii) the semi-classical physics scale of spin packets; and iii) the imaging scale of voxels. Topics are presented paying particular attention to theoretical unification and mathematical uniformity.

Remarkable advances in imaging have increased the importance of MRI for diagnostic, treatment and management of epilepsy. Neuroimaging of patients with epilepsy no longer simply deals with the technology and interpretation of images but also with issues of brain metabolism, energetics, cognition and brain dysfunction. The first edition of Magnetic Resonance in Epilepsy came into clinical practice in 1995 with a revolutionary idea; that is, MR is as important as EEG in the clinical management of patients with epilepsy. The second edition of Magnetic Resonance in Epilepsy, the only comprehensive text in the field of epilepsy neuroimaging, reviews fundamental concepts and new advances in MR technology, computerized analysis, MR spectroscopy, DWI and other neuroimaging techniques such as PET, SPECT and MEG application to the study of patients with epileptic disorders.*Provides a crucial update of recent advances in imaging techniques*Timely publication as subject of neuroimaging is a very "hot" area in both clinical epilepsy and basic neuroscience research*Editors are well-respected in this field

Gels are used in a large variety of commercial and scientific products from drug delivery systems and food science to biomedical sensors. They also are invaluable in MRI physics research where they mimic biological tissue and in radiotherapy quality assurance where they are used to capture the three dimensional radiation dose distribution. This unique book discusses the state-of-the-art of NMR and MRI techniques in studying the physics and chemistry of gel systems, in their application as MRI phantoms and as three dimensional radiation dosimeters. The first part of the book will cover the fundamental physical concepts of gels and the NMR techniques to study gel systems. The second part is dedicated to the application of gels in the life sciences and in the medical practice to validate radiotherapy and new MRI techniques. Filling the gap in literature, this volume provides the scientific reader with an extensive overview of possible techniques and methods to study the interesting properties and applications of gels. For the MRI researcher and medical physicist, the book will be a valuable resource in using gel phantoms for validating contemporary MRI techniques and radiotherapy treatments.

Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniques