This multi-contributor volume examines the evolving relationship between fear, heterodoxy and crime in traditional China. It throws light on how these three variously interwoven elements shaped local policies and people’s perceptions of the religious, ethnic, and cultural “other.” Authors depart from the assumption that “otherness” is constructed, stereotyped and formalized within the moral, political and legal institutions of Chinese society. The capacity of their findings to address questions about the emotional dimension of mass mobilization, the socio-political implications of heterodoxy, and attributions of crime is the result of integrating multiple sources of knowledge from history, religious studies and social science. Contributors are Ágnes Birtalan, Ayumu Doi, Fabian Graham, Hung Tak Wai, Jing Li, Hang Lin, Tommaso Previato, and Noriko Unno.

In Redefining Heresy and Tolerance, Hung Tak Wai examines how the Qing empire governed Muslims and Christians under its rule with a non-interventionist policy. Manchu emperors adopted a tolerant attitude towards Islam and Christianity as long as political stability and loyalty remained unthreatened. However, Hung argues that such tolerance had its limitations. Since the mid-eighteenth century, the Qing court intentionally minimised the importance of the Islamic identity. Restrictions were imposed on the Muslims’ external connections with Western Asia. The Christian minority was kept distant from politics and the Han majority. At the same time, Confucian scholars began to acquire a new understanding of religion, but they were not encouraged to get in touch with the Muslims and Christians. This book demonstrates how, from the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth century, the Qing government prevented Confucian scholar-bureaucrats from interfering in the religious life of Christians and Muslims, and how the Confucians’ understanding of ‘religion’ was reshaped during the implementation of such policy in the period. This book reveals that a different kind of ‘religious tolerance’ had already emerged among Sinophone intellectuals before their contact with the West. ‘This book goes beyond the assumption of a homogeneous Han society and pays attention to the religious groups that emerged after the seventeenth century, which differed from, or even contradicted, Confucianism and other Chinese religions, and it is concerned with how such alien communities influenced the development of Confucianism itself.’ —Wang Fan-sen, Academia Sinica ‘This book significantly enriches our comprehension of how early modern Confucians, as adherents of a state/public religion, engaged with Abrahamic religions. By delving into the dynamics of interreligious interaction, Redefining Heresy and Tolerance sheds new light on the encounters between Confucianism and the Abrahamic faiths, offering fresh insights into the complex religious landscape of Asian culture.’ —Huang Chin-shing, Academia Sinica

Raised to be "flowers of the nation," the first generation born after the founding of the People's Republic of China was united in its political outlook and at first embraced the Cultural Revolution of 1966, but then split into warring factions. Investigating the causes of this fracture, Guobin Yang argues that Chinese youth engaged in an imaginary revolution from 1966 to 1968, enacting a political mythology that encouraged violence as a way to prove one's revolutionary credentials. This same competitive dynamic would later turn the Red Guard against the communist government. Throughout the 1970s, the majority of Red Guard youth were sent to work in rural villages, where they developed an appreciation for the values of ordinary life. From this experience, an underground cultural movement was born. Rejecting idolatry, these relocated revolutionaries developed a new form of resistance that signaled a new era of enlightenment, culminating in the Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s and the Tiananmen protest of 1989. Yang's final chapter on the politics of history and memory argues that contemporary memories of the Cultural Revolution are factionalized along these lines of political division, formed fifty years before.

Comparative, International and Global Justice: Perspectives from Criminology and Criminal Justice presents and critically assesses a wide range of topics relevant to criminology, criminal justice and global justice. The text is divided into three parts: comparative criminal justice, international criminology, and transnational and global criminology. Within each field are located specific topics which the authors regard as contemporary and highly relevant and that will assist students in gaining a fuller appreciation of global justice issues. Authors Cyndi Banks and James Baker address these complex global issues using a scholarly but accessible approach, often using detailed case studies. The discussion of each topic is a comprehensive contextualized account that explains the social context in which law and crime exist and engages with questions of explanation or interpretation. The authors challenge students to gain knowledge of international and comparative criminal justice issues and think about them in a critical manner. It has become difficult to ignore the global and international dimensions of criminal justice and criminology and this text aims to enhance criminal justice education by focusing on some of the issues engaging criminology worldwide, and to prepare students for a future where fields of study like transnational crime are unexceptional.

Embark on a fascinating exploration of Buddhism's journey through China with "Buddhism And Buddhists In China" by Lewis Hodus. Prepare to delve into the rich history, traditions, and practices of Buddhism as it spread and flourished in the vast landscape of ancient China. But what if the story of Buddhism in China is more than just a historical account? Join Hodus as he uncovers the profound impact of Buddhism on Chinese culture, philosophy, and spirituality, revealing a complex tapestry of beliefs and practices that have shaped the course of history. Follow along as Hodus traces the evolution of Buddhism in China, from its introduction during the Han Dynasty to its assimilation into Chinese society and its enduring legacy in modern times. "Buddhism And Buddhists In China" offers a comprehensive overview of the religion's journey through the centuries. Yet, amidst the historical narrative, a deeper question emerges: What lessons can we learn from the encounter between Buddhism and Chinese civilization? Prepare to reflect on the universal themes of faith, tolerance, and cultural exchange as you journey through the pages of this enlightening book. Are you ready to embark on a journey through the heart and soul of Chinese Buddhism? Prepare to be inspired by the resilience, adaptability, and spiritual depth of Buddhism and Buddhists in China. Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of Buddhist philosophy and practice as you explore the pages of "Buddhism And Buddhists In China." This is more than just a book; it's a window into the rich tapestry of human spirituality and cultural exchange. Don't miss your chance to discover the fascinating story of Buddhism in China. Order your copy of "Buddhism And Buddhists In China" today and embark on a journey through the ages. Prepare to be enlightened by the profound insights and historical significance of Buddhism's journey through China. Are you ready to uncover the mysteries of the East and explore the depths of the human spirit?

This title was first published in 1977. The name of Shang Yang (c. 390-338 B.C.) is inseparable from his reforms, which laid the foundation for the first Chinese empire and had a deep and lasting influence on Chinese political thought and institutions. A wide-ranging series of carefully prepared translations of books published in China since 1949, each with an extended introduction by a western scholar.