Bioterrorism poses a unique challenge to the medical care and public health systems. Unlike an explosion or chemical attack, which results in immediate and visible casualties, the public health impact of a biological attack can unfold gradually over time. Until a sufficient number of people arrive at the emergency rooms and doctors' offices complaining of similar illnesses, there may be no sign that an attack has taken place. The speed and accuracy with which the doctors and laboratories reach the correct diagnoses and report their findings to public health authorities has a direct impact on the number of people who become ill, and the number that die. The nation's ability to respond to a bioterrorist attack, therefore, depends crucially on the state of preparedness of its medical care systems and public health infrastructure. Public health experts have for years complained about the deterioration of the public health system through neglect and lack of funding. They warn that the nation is ill equipped and insufficiently prepared to respond to a bioterrorist attack. For example, they point out that there are too few medical personnel trained to spot biological attacks, a shortage of sophisticated laboratories to identify the agents, and inadequate supplies of drugs and vaccines to counteract the threat. They also contend that inadequate plans exist for setting up quarantines and emergency facilities to handle the sick and infectious victims. Improving public health preparedness and response capacity offers protection not only from bioterrorist attacks, but also from naturally occurring public health emergencies. Public health officials are increasingly concerned about our exposure and susceptibility to infectious disease and food-borne illness because of global travel, ubiquitous food imports, and the evolution of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This book reviews critical issues in the US public system and its vulnerability or lack thereof to bioterrorism.

After reading this text, the reader will have a fuller understanding of the nature of domestic terrorism and a clearer understanding of the basics. These basics include a review of the complex history that spans thousands of years, an explanation of definitions, a review of contemporary domestic terrorism, and the examination of intelligence gathering, threat analysis, and emergency responses to terrorism-incident management. It is hoped that such knowledge as presented here will enhance the public's understanding of domestic terrorism and law enforcement's ability to prevent and respond to its acts. It focuses almost exclusively on right-wing domestic terrorism because of its strong presence in the last twenty years and the projection of experts that right-wing terrorism will prevail well into the twenty-first century. The book is divided into three parts. The first part deals with definitional problems associated with policymaker's and law enforcement's handling of terrorism, an historical overview of terrorism and terrorist incidents in the global community, and an historical examination of terrorism from below in the United States. Part Two addresses the American Hate Movement and patriot-militia activities. It also discusses the emergence of special-interest extremist and terrorism groups that advocate violence based on an ideology or belief, which may include the desire for political and social change. They include ecological resistance groups, antienvironmental movements, animal rights and antiabortion activists. Part Three focuses on effective criminal intelligence-gathering techniques and the implementation of terrorism-incident management strategies.

There is a wide spectrum of potential threats to the U.S. homeland that do not involve overt attacks by states using long-range missiles or conventional military forces. Such threats include covert attacks by state actors, state use of proxies, independent terrorist and extremist attacks by foreign groups or individuals, and independent terrorist and extremist attacks by residents of the United States. These threats are currently limited in scope and frequency, but are emerging as potentially significant issues for future U.S. security. In this comprehensive work, Cordesman argues that new threats require new thinking, and offers a range of recommendations, from expanding the understanding of what constitutes a threat and bolstering Homeland defense measures, to bettering resource allocation and improving intelligence gathering and analysis. No pattern of actual attacks on U.S. territory has yet emerged that provides a clear basis for predicting how serious any given form of attack might be in the future, what means of attack might be used, or how lethal new forms of attack might be. As a result, there is a major ongoing debate over the seriousness of the threat and how the U.S. government should react. This work is an invaluable contribution to that debate.