Contents 1. Editorial. Closing Remarks, Dai Whittingham, Chief Executive UKFSC. 2. Chairman’s Column. Breaking The Habit, Rob Holliday, Chairman UKFSC. 3. Level busts – How much of an impact do they really have on Air Traffic Control? Vanessa Hipperson, National Air Traffic Services. 4. Legal liability for injuries caused by turbulence, Ashleigh Ovland, Knowledge Counsel (Aerospace), HFW. 5. Dirty Plus Thirty. Robert Wilson. 6. Confidential Human Factors Reporting Programme. CHIRP. 7. Moving Beyond the Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Just, blame, and no-blame cultures revisited. Martina Ivaldi, Fabrizio Bracco and Marcello Scala. 8. Was there more turbulence in 2023 than previous years, as a result of climate change? Bob Lunnon, Royal Meteorological Society. 9. Plotting a Training Course. Mario Pierobon. FOCUS is a triannual subscription journal devoted to the promotion of best practises in aviation safety. It includes articles, either original or reprinted from other sources, related to safety issues throughout all areas of air transport operations. Besides providing information on safety related matters, FOCUS aims to promote debate and improve networking within the industry. It must be emphasised that FOCUS is not intended as a substitute for regulatory information or company publications and procedures. FOCUS is produced solely for the purpose of improving flight safety and, unless copyright is indicated, articles may be reproduced providing that the source of material is acknowledged. Opinions expressed by individual authors or in advertisements appearing in FOCUS are those of the author or advertiser and do not necessarily reflect the views and endorsements of this journal, the editor or the UK Flight Safety Committee. While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein, FOCUS accepts no responsibility for any errors or omissions in the information, or its consequences. Specialist advice should always be sought in relation to any particular circumstances.

The U.S. space program is rapidly changing from an activity driven by federal government launches to one driven by commercial launches. In 1997, for the first time commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the Eastern Range (ER), located at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. Commercial activity is also increasing at the Western Range (WR), located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The government itself is emulating commercial customers, shifting from direct management of launch programs to the purchase of space launch services from U.S. commercial launch companies in an open, competitive market. The fundamental goal of the U.S. space program is to ensure safe, reliable, and affordable access to space. Despite the inherent danger of space launches, the U.S. space program has demonstrated its ability to protect the public. No launch site worker or member of the general public has been killed or seriously injured in any of the 4,600 launches conducted at the ER and WR during the entire 50-year history of the space age. Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety discusses whether range safety processes can be made more efficient and less costly without compromising public safety. This report presents six primary recommendations, which address risk management, Africa gates, roles and responsibilities, range safety documentation [EWR 127-1]), global positioning system (GPS) receiver tracking systems, and risk standards for aircraft and ships.

There has been a long felt need for a book which details the legal aspects of the airport business. This book will discuss the nature of the airport business and inquire into the constraints faced by airports in obtaining their revenues. It will also discuss the liability of an airport operator for injury to persons who use the airport premises and liability for vehicular accidents landside or airside including work accidents of airport employees or other accidents caused by airport employees of the airport. The bulk of the book will be dedicated to the legal aspects of issues such as principles of lease financing of premises and equipment; employee contracts; agency; general contractual and tortuous liability of airports; negligent entrustment of property and equipment; obligations of oversight of tenants in their implementation and application of contractual terms, Risk Management; legal principles pertaining to the oversight of airport safety and security; competition; labour law; and the art of negotiation.

Safety performance is a complicated issue, particularly in high-hazard environments, where time and other constraints can be amplified, and result in numerous impacts. From an organizational and business perspective, safety and production/performance are often seen as competing goals. When production is increased, safety defenses and barriers frequently decrease, and when programs are developed in an effort to improve safety, employees may be unable to meet production goals within the safety constraints. Team Leadership in High-Hazard Environments recognizes these difficulties and constraints and proposes an approach to safety leadership in which safety and organizational performance are inextricably linked; one that addresses safety from both the systems and human factors perspectives. To that end, Randy Cadieux introduces the nine essential components to team leadership. By studying these areas and using the information in each chapter, organizational leaders, managers, and supervisors will gain an understanding of key factors that will help them design, develop, and implement team training programs that improve the way employees work together and the way they mitigate hazards. Additionally, the book describes how work systems and work environments may be designed or shaped so that teams are placed in a position to do their optimal work, maximizing the potential for human and team performance. This is an important book that draws on techniques and models developed from Crew Resource Management, human factors, risk management, as well as more traditional HR management disciplines.

This book indicates the shortcomings of the current international legal system and customary international norms that govern international aviation law to comply with contemporary air transport market realities. As the air transport market develops globally, the safety regime of civil aviation should also be governed and applied globally. In this book, the author departs from current international legal norms to examine the emerging legal field of global administrative law. Through that lens, the possibility of reconstructing the set of legal mechanisms that govern domestic and international administrative interaction in the global field of aviation safety is explored. This book demonstrates that a legal system is never complete but always develops in tandem with changing needs, i.e. the participation of the affected parties. Exploring the principles of GAL theory contributes to addressing the contemporary legal issues relating to state compliance with international aviation safety standards that would otherwise not be covered by customary international law. In particular, the principles of GAL theory regarding global governance and the ‘public’ character of global regulations, the role of individuals and states in global governance, and state sovereignty are considered valuable contributions to contemporary global aviation safety issues in practice. It is asserted in this book that proper checks and balances in global aviation safety can be improved by making these accessible to individuals by way of national courts. Finally, establishing public awareness of global aviation safety standards will eventually create greater pressure on states to implement and enforce them. This book is in an area increasing academic and research interest of practitioners of public international aviation law, global administrative law, global governance, and global aviation safety, global air transport market regulations.

In the 21st century, digital technologies have become an indispensable part of our lives due to the speed and convenience they provide. The digitalization trend has accelerated after the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many businesses are taking measures to adapt and do business in a world where everything from teamwork, teaching, sales, and customer service is done remotely. Aviation companies, hit particularly hard by the pandemic due to huge declines in passenger and freight demand, must focus on the use of digital technologies to regain organizational success. Digitalization and the Impacts of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry presents the relationship between the aviation industry and digitalization. It studies the effects of digitalization and the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation industry. This publication offers both empirical and theoretical information to analyze the future of the aviation industry. Covering topics such as aviation education, corporate communication, and marketing challenges, this book is an essential resource for researchers, academicians, students and educators of higher education, government officials, leaders in the aviation industry, marketing managers, and communications specialists.

This book comprises select proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Optical and Wireless Technologies (OWT 2021). The contents of this book focus on research carried out in optical communication, optoelectronics, optics, wireless communication, wireless networks, sensors, mobile communications, and antenna and wave propagation. The book also explores the combined use of various optical and wireless technologies in next-generation applications and their latest developments in the applications such as photonics, high-speed communication systems and networks, visible light communication, nanophotonics, and wireless and MIMO systems. This book serves as a reference to scientists, academicians, engineers, and policy-makers interested in the field of optical and wireless technologies.

The Routledge Handbook of Public Aviation Law is the first book to incorporate a comprehensive analysis of Public Aviation Law – principally international, but also domestic law in a comparative context – in a single volume. International Law is pervasive in Aviation Law, and is incorporated into a number of major multilateral treaties (e.g., the Chicago Convention of 1944, for Public International Air Law). This is supplemented by various Annexes (promulgated by the International Civil Aviation Organization) and Conventions and Protocols (promulgated by States in diplomatic conferences). States then implement these international obligations in domestic laws that create aviation regulatory administrations that, in turn, promulgate regulations. Bringing together leading scholars in the field, this prestigious reference work provides a comprehensive and comparative overview of Public Aviation Law. It surveys the state of the discipline including contemporary and emerging areas of law, regulation, and public policy in air transportation. Each chapter begins with an overview of the international law applicable to the subject matter, followed, where appropriate, by a comparative examination of domestic statutes, regulations, and jurisprudence. The objective of the book is to identify and summarize existing areas within the context of international research, and to identify and highlight emerging areas. Both practical and theoretical in scope, the Routledge Handbook of Public Aviation Law will be of great relevance to scholars, researchers, lawyers, and policy makers with an interest in aviation law.

Essential reading for anyone truly interested in saving democracy from the predations of kleptocracy and plutocracy. -Charles Davidson, The Journal of Democracy This book expands our understanding of the financial secrecy system dominating capitalism today and shows how we can create accountability to restore our democracy. Over the last half century, capitalism has created the means for trillions of dollars, euros, pounds, and other stores of wealth to move invisibly-beyond the control of central bankers, law enforcement agents, and international institutions. With an entire financial secrecy system now dominating capitalist operations, riches flow inexorably upward and accelerate economic inequality. And rising inequality is directly imperiling-weakening, obstructing, and degrading-democracy. This book is not a screed against capitalism-it is a call for capitalism to return to its roots, reenergizing its synergies with democracy. Raymond Baker writes, Democratic capitalism is, in my judgment, the best system yet devised in political economy, but dysfunctions within its capitalist component are undermining the two-part system. Baker explains the tax havens, secrecy jurisdictions, disguised corporations, anonymous trusts, fake foundations, regulatory loopholes, money laundering techniques, and more that make up the financial secrecy system. But he goes beyond the what to the why, examining the motivations driving the system that generates and shelters trillions of dollars that could go toward spreading wealth, generating public goods, and protecting the environment. Going deeper, Baker illustrates how these realities further corrode the commonwealth, with chapters devoted to the facilitating activities and impacts of banks, corporations, enabling lawyers and accountants, governments, and international institutions and concluding with the limiting role played in policy silos that are missing the bigger picture. Finally, he provides specific, pragmatic measures to reset capitalism so that it once again contributes to shared prosperity and sustained democracy. This is a magisterial treatment of an issue that is at the root of so many problems that plague our nation and the world today.