Foreign aid has been an area of active scholarly investigation since the end of the Second World War, but particularly since the early 1950s when a large number of the erstwhile colonies became independent. Few areas of public policy involving the developed and developing countries have aroused more passion and ideological debate than foreign aid. In spite of the massive amount of research in the field, there is still not enough work in two areas: the first involves the mechanisms through which aid influences the economies of the donor and the recipient countries; and the second, country-specific assessments of the effectiveness of foreign aid. Foreign Aid: New Perspectives is aimed at making a contribution in these two areas. The contents of this volume are divided into four parts. Part I deals with some theoretical aspects of foreign aid, while the second part analyzes some general policy aspects. Part III turns to the donor experience and includes one paper on the Danish experience. The last part considers the recipient experience and consists of five case studies.

The success or failure of economic assistance programs is a shared responsibility of recipient countries and donors. The negative attitude about aid prevalent today underscores a perception the aid has failed. Critics often blame corrupt regimes, weak governments, or poor economic policies. However, the poor track record of aid is also due to donors' inability to allocate limited funds effectively and poor coordination of their aid efforts. Declining aid budgets have led to fundamental questioning of foreign aid's allocation and utility, while the apparent ineffectiveness of aid has shrunk aid budgets and turned public opinion against providing it. This edited collection containing pieces written by leading development specialists evaluates these emerging questions of allocation and efficiency. Development economists, policy makers, and development specialists will benefit from reading this work. Chapters examine the optimal and intertemporal allocation of aid, the role and accountability of NGOs in allocation, the importance of untying (a new perspective on low levels of aid), and links between the allocation pattern of donors. Additional chapters deal with the impact of aid on economic growth, democracy, wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor, and the role of governance and institutional capacity in aid effectiveness. An effective balance between theoretical and empirical models is offered to better illustrate the issues involved.

As China moved from a planned to a market economy many people expected that China’s political system would similarly move from authoritarianism to democracy. It is now clear, however, that political liberalisation does not necessarily follow economic liberalisation. This book explores this apparent contradiction, presenting many new perspectives and new thinking on the subject. It considers the path of transition in China historically, makes comparisons with other countries and examines how political culture and the political outlook in China are developing at present. A key feature of the book is the fact that most of the contributors are China-born, Western-trained scholars, who bring deep knowledge and well informed views to the study.

개발원조와 빈곤퇴치라는 국제적 이슈에 대한 이해를 돕고자 하는 『Introduction to International Development Cooperation』은 세 측면에서 논의를 진행하고 있다. 첫째, 빈곤문제와 대외원조문제가 어떻게 해서 세계적인 주요 의제로 떠올랐는지를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 역사적인 맥락을 먼저 살피는데 제2차 세계대전부터 시작된 대외원조의 변화 추이를 원조국과 수혜국의 입장에서 분석한다. 둘째는, 지난 50여 년간 국제사회가 이룩한 구호활동과 빈곤퇴치 등의 업적을 객관적으로 평가하고 앞으로 해결해야 할 과제들을 고찰한다. 끝으로, 그간 국제사회의 이러한 활동에는 여러 복잡한 문제와 관행, 그리고 여러 계층의 사람들이 관여하게 되어 도정되는 문제들도 있었다. 이러한 문제해결을 위한 글로벌거버넌스 프레임 워크 구축은 매우 중요하며, 대외원조 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 여러 관계자 간의 협력 네트워크 구축이 필요함을 강조한다.

The end of the Cold War has prompted many donors of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to fundamentally realign their global aid and trade relations. Despite recent progress in untying ODA and a number of related efforts to enhance the overall efficiency of international cooperation with the poorest countries, it remains unexplained why some OECD states have liberalised their bilateral programmes to a considerable extent – whereas others have continued to use foreign aid as a means to promote domestic exports. Jan-Henrik Petermann widens the scope of previous macro-analyses of ‘system-driven’ reorientations in tying practices in the wake of 1989/90, inquiring into donors’ national parameters of policy-making at the strategic nexus between external trade and international development.

It would be fair to say that foreign aid today is one of the most important factors in international relations and in the national economy of many countries – as well as one of the most researched fields in economics. Although much has been written on the subject of foreign aid, this book contributes by taking stock of knowledge in the field, with chapters summarizing long-standing debates as well as the latest advances. Several contributions provide new analytical insights or empirical evidence on different aspects of aid, including how aid may be linked to trade and the motives for aid giving. As a whole, the book demonstrates how researchers have dealt with increasingly complex issues over time – both theoretical and empirical – on the allocation, impact, and efficacy of aid, with aid policies placed at the center of the discussion. In addition to students, academics, researchers, and policymakers involved in development economics and foreign aid, this Handbook will appeal to all those interested in development issues and international policies.

This book is the first legal treatment of tied aid and examines in detail the compatibility of tied aid with EU and WTO law. The workings of the aid projects and aid procurement systems of donor countries granting bilateral aid are fully examined through case studies from the UK, Italy, the EU and the US. Tied aid refers to aid granted to developing countries on condition that goods and services for the aid-financed projects are purchased from the donor country only. The recipient country, in order to receive the grant or the loan, has no other choice but to fulfil the condition imposed by the donor. Economists have shown that tying aid undermines the effectiveness of aid. It leads to higher costs paid for the goods and services purchased and the distortion of the nature of the aid. Further, tying frustrates the potential of aid to foster trade between developing countries - in many of these countries public bodies and, in particular, aid-financed projects are major potential outlets for trade between neighbouring states. The importance of tied aid has been pointed out in economic literature but there is surprisingly little written on the legal aspects of tied aid practices and this book seeks to fill this major gap in the literature. The book is of interest to academics in the field of EU and WTO law, NGOs and practitioners working both in the field of public procurement and development policies.

This book dwells upon the various aspects of the Turkish foreign policy in the different regions of the world, especially with the dawn of the twenty-first century. Turkey has attracted international attention due to a marked transformation in the country’s domestic and external realms, which in turn, has led to an increased activism in its foreign policy actions. Particularly, Turkey’s economic rise has fuelled the country’s ambition and quest for a more significant role in international affairs. These transformations have come about with the ascendance of the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) [or Justice & Development Party (JDP)] to power in 2002. Turkey, under the AKP, moved towards a ‘new’ direction in the foreign policy and consequently endeavoured to play a larger role in West Asia (Middle East), the Balkans, southern Mediterranean, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Africa and Asia. The country has emerged as a multi-regional player having stakes and tractions on a range of issues in these regions. The several discernible aspects of Turkey’s involvement are dealt with in the contributions to this volume.