Located on Pea Patch Island, Fort Delaware was erected to defend local ports from enemy attack but never received or fired a shot in anger. The first earthen-work version, constructed during the War of 1812, was followed by a second 1820s plan incorporating a masonry star design with a network of drainage ditches. Engineering issues and a low-lying site doomed the structure; in 1831, it was irreparably damaged by fire. A new plan created a more substantial fortification still standing to this day. Fort Delaware evolved into a well-established community that transformed from protector to notorious Civil War prison camp. Most widely known as a prison, it subsequently served in lesser roles through three more conflicts. Images of America: Fort Delaware unifies an amazing pictorial record of Fort Delaware's historical timeline. The story is not only of active duty but its rescue from abandonment and subsequent successful preservation work.

During the Civil War, each side accused the other of mistreating prisoners of war. Today, most historians believe that there was systemic and deliberate abuse of POWs by both sides yet many base their conclusions on anecdotal evidence, much of it from postwar writings. Drawing on both contemporaneous prisoner diaries and Union Army documents (some newly discovered), the author presents a fresh and detailed study of supposed mistreatment of prisoners at Fort Delaware--one of the largest Union prison camps--and draws surprising conclusions, some of which have implications for the entire Union prison system.

Located on Pea Patch Island at the entrance to the Delaware River, Fort Delaware was built to protect Wilmington and Philadelphia in case of an attack by sea. When the Civil War broke out, Fort Delaware's purpose changed dramatically--it became a prisoner of war camp. By the fall of 1863, about 12,000 soldiers, officers, and political prisoners were being held in an area designed to hold only 4,000--and known as the Andersonville of the North, a place where terrible sickness and deprivation were a way of life despite the commanding general's efforts to keep the prison clean and the prisoners fed. Many books have been written about the Confederacy's Andersonville and its terrible conditions, but comparatively little has been written about its counterparts in the North. The conditions at Fort Delaware are fully explored, contemplating what life was like for prisoners and guards alike.

James Byrd Foote enlisted as a private in Company A of the First Regiment, Georgia Regulars, just thirteen days after the surrender of Fort Sumter; transferred to Company C of the Seventh Georgia Infantry Regiment some four months later; and participated in engagements against the Yankees at Yorktown, Seven Pines, Oak Grove, Mechanicsville, Gainess Mill, Garnetts and Goldings Farms, Savages Station, Malvern Hill, Kellys Ford, Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Manassas, Ox Hill, Boonsborough, Sharpsburg, Suffolk, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Charleston, Chattanooga, Campbells Station, and Knoxville, where he was captured on November 28, 1863. After spending more than three months as a prisoner of war in several jails and military prison camps, he was forwarded from the Union Military Prison at Louisville, Kentucky, to Fort Delaware and was imprisoned there for 366 days before being delivered for exchange to the Confederate authorities at Boulwares and Coxs Wharves in Virginia during the three-day period of March 1012, 1865. He returned home to Dallas, Georgia, as a paroled prisoner of war to find that the land throughout Paulding County had been laid to waste by the Union and Confederate armies and that his family had been impoverished by the war. He endured the hardships of Reconstruction in Northern Georgia but was determined to prosper, and he did, becoming a successful merchant farmer and a leading citizen of Dallas who was favorably known throughout Paulding and surrounding counties.

Ghosts at the Civil War island prison at Fort Delaware State Park.