Sarcopenia is a symptom of aging that contributes to the functional decline of the musculoskeletal system, responsible for impaired gait and balance and a high risk of falls and serious fractures. Nutrition and exercise play a key role in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Due to the multifaceted nature of sarcopenia, the best therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary, requiring collaboration between specialists such as geriatricians, internists, physiatrists, general practitioners, nutritionists, and physiotherapists. This book presents a comprehensive overview of sarcopenia with chapters on physiopathological mechanisms, assessment tools, and rehabilitation activities of the condition in the frail elderly.

Frailty is considered a multisystem impairment that makes an individual vulnerable to external or internal stressors. Sarcopenia, the age-dependent loss of muscle mass and function, is proposed as the biological substrate and the pathway whereby the consequences of physical frailty develop. These syndromes are associated with a negative impact in quality of life and can lead to the occurrence of disability, institutionalization, and even mortality. The book focuses upon all the related aspects of frailty and sarcopenia and the new advancements in the related treatments including complex issues and research. It includes high-quality chapters in all related aspects for the syndromes of sarcopenia and frailty, which adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the musculoskeletal system and interventions to promote rehabilitation.

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of frailty and sarcopenia in the cirrhotic patient. The text presents a personalized approach to identifying cirrhotic patients at risk of higher morbidity and mortality due to frailty and sarcopenia. It reviews current and novel diagnostic methods, while spotlighting treatment and management strategies for frailty and sarcopenia. The book also focuses on special issues associated with these syndromes, such as the effect of gender, age, and ethnicity on frailty and sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and frailty and sarcopenia after liver transplantation. Future considerations are outlined in the closing chapters, including emerging pharmacological and interventional therapies for these syndromes. Written by experts in the field, Frailty and Sarcopenia in Cirrhosis: The Basics, the Challenges, and the Future is a valuable resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat patients with cirrhosis.

The recognition and implementation of personalized internal medicine is of the utmost importance for physicians, nurses, dieticians and other healthcare professionals engaged in clinics. The assessment of sarcopenia and frailty, in middle-aged patients, as an embodiment of treatment personalization, is essential in settings of acute and chronic disease, both in the hospital and in ambulatory settings. This book describes various practical tools for the assessment of sarcopenia and frailty, reviews relevant findings from the current professional literature, and suggests treatment modifications for frail patients.

This book highlights recent advances in our understanding of sarcopenia and frailty in CKD. The prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty increases substantially as CKD progresses, and experimental studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of accumulated uremic toxin in the development of muscle wasting. Further, sarcopenia and frailty are associated with falls, bone fractures, cognitive impairment, and poor survival prognoses, especially in elderly CKD patients. The syndromes are also related to the risk of end-stage kidney disease. This book provides readers with a deeper understanding of the prevention and management of sarcopenia and frailty in CKD patients to improve their renal and overall health, and suggests directions for future basic and clinical research.

This book is a blend of medical research and clinical practice. Advancements in practice are inextricably bound to have research underpinnings. The articles highlight a range of practical topics. The respiratory tract is upfront as the first line of defense of the organism. Virological and bacteriological aspects of the infections that continue to be a scourge worldwide, influenza and tuberculosis, are dealt with. Sleep disordered breathing is another hot topic. Allergy and atopy, and the role of nutraceuticals in providing anticancer benefits due to the inhibitory effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis are referred to. Other chapters describe the use of mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of the worn away cartilage tissue in the knee. The assessment and management of cognitive decline, sarcopenia and frailty of old age also figure prominently in the texts. The book is an attempt to demonstrate the viability of a bench-to-bedside design in point-of-care patient applications. Hopefully, it will be a source of information on interdisciplinary medical research advancements, addressing the needs of medical professionals, from scientists to clinicians and allied health professionals.

This second edition, in Open Access, aims to provide a comprehensive and practical overview of the knowledge required for the assessment and management of the older adult with or at risk of fragility fracture, with additional focus on those who are frail. It considers this from the perspectives of all the clinical and home care settings in which this group of patients receive care and is relevant to all global locations. The concept of orthogeriatric care is explored in detail. Global estimates suggest that there were 21 million men and 137 million women aged 50 years or more at high fracture risk in 2010. This incidence is expected to double by 2040, with the most significant increase in Asia. Fragility fracture is one of the foremost challenges for health care providers and thehe global demand for nursing care for patients with fragility fractures across the world is immense. Hip fracture is particularly challenging as these significant injuries often occur in frail older people requiring hospitalisation and orthopaedic surgery. Such injuries and associated surgery result in increased frailty, worsening health and wellbeing, pain, disability, reduced quality of life, loss of independence, and decreased life expectancy. Care providers need to understand the experience of fragility fracture from the perspective of patients and families so that direct improvements in care can be based on the perspectives of the users. Expert care of patients following fractures that require hospitalisation and orthopaedic surgery involves skill in the care and treatment of frail older people as we as individuals with an injury and undergoing surgery. Nurses have a significant role in interdisciplinary collaborative care provided through orthogeriatric models of care. There is increasing evidence that such models significantly improve patient outcomes. High quality, evidence-based orthogeriatric care is increasingly shown to have positive impact on outcomes for recovery, rehabilitation, and secondary prevention of further fracture. This book significantly supports the aims and values of the Fragility Fracture Network and, as such, supports the learning needs of nurses and other allied health professionals which will enable a comprehensive approach to nursing practice in orthogeriatric and fragility fracture care.