The Staggers Rail Act deregulated the freight rail industry, relying on competition to set rates, and allowed for differential pricing (charging higher rates to those more dependent on rail). The act gave the Surface Transportation Board (STB) authority to develop remedies for shippers"captive" to one railroad and set a threshold for shippers to apply for rate relief. GAO was asked to review (1) changes in the railroad industry since the Staggers Rail Act, including rates and competition; (2) STB actions to address competition and captivity concerns and alternatives that could be considered; and (3) freight demand and capacity projections and potential federal policy responses. GAO examined STB data, conducted interviews, and held an expert panel.

The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 allowed freight railroads (FR) to get rid of unprofitable lines and to consolidate their operations. It also allowed the FR to charge lower rates to their customers who operated in a competitive environment, and higher rates to customers who were captive to one FR carrier for transportation service. This review of the Class I FR's recent financial results shows that the Staggers Act's goal of restoring financial stability to the U.S. rail system has been achieved and has produced a rail renaissance. The four Class I railroads that today dominate the U.S. rail shipping market are achieving returns on revenue and operating ratios that rank them among the most profitable bus. in the U.S. Charts and tables. A print on demand report.