From Babylon to the Silicon Valley—The Origins and Evolution of Intellectual Property A Sourcebook Nuno Pires de Carvalho At its core, intellectual property today is the same as it was six thousand years ago: an instrument for the assertion of the identities of merchants and manufacturers in their struggle to lure customers with honesty and fairness. It arises spontaneously whenever and wherever entrepreneurs carry out their professions in an environment of competition. This masterful book, the first of its kind, presents more than two hundred sources going back to ancient Egypt, sharply detailing the evolution of intellectual property right up to its current prominence in global trade and international law. Highlighting important moments in the evolution of the intellectual property, the author—one of the world’s best known authorities in the field—assembles his chosen sources in a way that sheds definitive light on such aspects as the following: early origins in the appropriation of differentiating assets by merchants and manufacturers; evolution of trademark law up to the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement; evolution of patent law, demonstrating in detail how English and U.S. courts moulded its modern interpretation; differentiation of industrial designs; the comparatively modern development of trade secrets law; origins and evolution of international protection through treaties and free trade agreements; and the prodigious expansion of intellectual property law in the past few decades to previously unprotected areas of business and professional activity. The sources—many translated into English for the first time—are preceded when appropriate by brief notes explaining their context and relevance. The book closes with a chapter on contemporary debates, such as new areas of protection and new social controversies. As a compilation of sources that would be otherwise unavailable to most readers, this factual and impartial account of why and how intellectual property has emerged and evolved is a treasure trove for all those interested in how the imperatives of civilization have designed and continue to design the scope and the limits of intellectual property. The book will be warmly welcomed by practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of their working tools, as well as by academics, government officials, and relevant international organizations around the world.

Rampant global counterfeiting has led the fashion industry to seek ever greater enforcement of its intellectual property (IP) rights. Yet, as this hugely informative book shows, this is not new. Fashion designers and entrepreneurs, as well as manufacturers and tradespeople in the broader textiles industry from which fashion springs, have always struggled to convert existing IP rules to an industry that was—and is—configured by the pressure of intrinsically fleeting consumer tastes and trends. The distinguished author, adding to the series of major works that have made him a leading authority on IP law, triumphantly reveals in great detail how society has constructed IP in association with textiles so as to accommodate it to the particular characteristics of fashion that emerged in the last century. More than two hundred sources, many of them for the first time available in English, illustrated with fifty figures, allow the reader to directly encounter those who have made and continue to make the IP of textiles and fashion. The underlying raisons d’être of such aspects as the following become brilliantly clear: how fashion designers protect their creations against the spread of knock-offs; how fashion entrepreneurs appropriate prestige and reputation; how an iconic design becomes a brand or acquires secondary meaning; and how such inventions as the sewing machine and the cotton gin affected IP rights in textiles and fashion. Each source is preceded by a note placing it in its social, economic, and legal context. The sources are structured in two chapters (business identifiers—trade and certification marks, geographical indications—and appropriation of knowledge and creativity—patents, designs, copyright, and trade secrets) so as to permit an easy understanding of the enchainment of important moments that have contributed to give IP for textiles and fashion its special configuration, in particular the transition from textile law to fashion law. With this book, listening directly to the voices of those who have made and make IP, academics, students, magistrates, professionals, and the legal community as a whole will have a clear and realistic sense of how the combination of the entrepreneurial spirit with the imperatives of human consumption has designed and continues designing the special scope and limits of IP as applied to textiles and fashion.

As "Soul of a New Machine" did for the nascent digital age, "Digital Babylon" weaves the emerging future of digital entertainment into a compelling personal narrative that illuminates the successes, failures, and uncertainty about the industry's future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the tensions inherent in the interface of proprietary medicines and the strong reaction of society at large in respect of pharmaceutical inventors and rights holders. As this comprehensive collection of sources shows, these tensions have persisted since ancient times. The sources—along with headnotes and a deeply informed preamble—clearly illustrate how society has constructed intellectual property in association with medicines to adapt it to the needs of entrepreneurship and free trade, and, at the same time, accommodating it to the imperatives of public health. Revealing two major lines of tension—trademarks versus generic designations and patents versus trade secrets—the texts deal with such aspects of the special intellectual property of medicines and access to health as the following: the question of whether inventions that are crucially important to save lives should be left in private hands to be exploited with a view on profitability; prohibiting the use of trademarks to designate certain medicines; loss of distinctiveness of some well-known pharmaceutical trademarks; sanitary authorities as a sort of a parallel trademark and patent office; the requirement of higher distinctiveness for pharmaceutical trademarks—the so-called duty of greater care; use of secrecy to secure private interests in pharmaceutical inventions; granting prizes and awards to inventors instead of acknowledging private proprietary rights in pharmaceuticals; and the protection of inventions in times of epidemics. The sources are structured in two chapters (business identifiers—trademarks, geographical indications, shop signs—and appropriation of knowledge—patents, trade secrets) to permit an easy understanding of the enchainment of important moments that have contributed to give intellectual property for medicines its special configuration. The selection of sources (more than 200) underlines the struggle of creative entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical field to obtain a living from their trade and all the contradictions to which it gives rise, as well as approaches that governments have adopted to deal with its tensions. Practitioners in intellectual property law and healthcare law, magistrates, medical professionals, and academics will have a better sense of how the imperatives of public health have designed and continue designing norms and principles of intellectual property especially adapted to the social goals it serves.

California: the whole world knows it as the mother lode of scandal and celebrity, mayhem and miracles, a place where nearly anything can happen - and does. Giving the lowdown on the most notorious locations across the state, California Babylon redefines tourism for the 21st century by guiding you to the places you actually want to see, whether you'll admit to it or not. Packed with photographs and with easy-to-follow directions to each site, California Babylon unveils the real-life filming locations; scenes of rock-'n'-roll debauchery; homes and hotspots where the stars lived, dined, made love and died - and where they still do today. With this detailed, up-to-date guide, you can revisit some of the most shocking, puzzling, glamorous and tragic moments the world has ever known. Spend the night in the very hotel rooms where Janis Joplin, John Belushi, or Hawaii's King Kamehameha died. See the site where People's Temple leader Jim Jones whipped hundreds of followers into a frenzy. Visit the orphanage where little Norma Jeane Baker dreamed of stardom. Follow in the footsteps of serial killers. Recreate the camera angles for dozens of your favorite films, from Vertigo to Pee Wee's Big Adventure. With California Babylon's help, you can also see: *infamous crime scenes *the homes of screen legends *graves of the rich and famous *assassination sites *abandoned utopias *restaurants and bars frequented by celebrities Forget the endless malls and beaches! Wouldn't you rather see JFK's secret love-nest, the stage where Michael Jackson's hair burst into flames, or the alley that was the epicenter of prostitution in gold-rush era San Francisco? These are the guilty pleasures you'll actually write home about, and they're what make California the wacky, world-famous, and truly unbelievable place it is today.

The Gnostic Luciferian New Age "Utopia" will be based upon a Mystery Babylon re-visitation of tolerance for all behaviors narcissistically self-indulgent, sexually perverse, psychoactively induced, and sinfully decadent, with self-worship and self-adulation as the highest pinnacle of religious zeal. Additionally, utilizing the trickery and artifice of an Alien Antichrist Messiah Deception, the Luciferian Elite seek to obliterate Christianity and replace it with a Gnostic Pantheistic Cosmogenesis narrative, where Ancient Aliens are our true genetic origins, and Cosmic Evolution, with Mankind in tow, is the Grand Design of the Universe. Since this is a very real situation which effects all the world in the direst sort of way, the contents of this book are relevant to all citizens of the world. This book bravely explores the various guises that this repackaged Babylonian Gnostic Luciferianism has taken and how it got to this point, as well as offers answers to this nefarious situation.

Ancient Wisdom, Modern Wealth: Transform Your Finances In an era where financial strategies come and go, Babylon's Legacy taps into the age-old principles of the ancient world to provide a roadmap towards enduring financial freedom. Venture into the distant past of Babylon, a civilization revered for its wealth and wisdom, and discover principles that transcend time. Travel back in time to explore how the Babylonians' insights on wealth and prosperity can illuminate your own path to financial independence. Uncover the foundation of their financial acumen in The Timeless Wisdom of Babylon and relish the relevance of these teachings today. From understanding wealth's origins to applying the five pillars of financial freedom, each chapter holds transformative insights. Build and amplify your wealth with tried-and-true methods of earning and saving, while learning the art of budgeting and investing. Imagine transforming small, strategic steps into significant gains through the power of compound interest. Discover how to protect and grow your assets by practicing diversification and risk management, ensuring your wealth endures and thrives. Be inspired to give back, guided by Babylonian principles of generosity and balanced wealth distribution. Embrace a mindset for success, as you navigate market cycles, manage debt, and align personal values with economic goals. Whether it's charting new entrepreneurial ventures or strategic real estate investments, you'll find practices that echo timeless wisdom. Every chapter of this book beckons you to a world where financial education is a lifelong journey, offering the tools you need to craft a legacy that endures. Elevate your financial acumen, nurture a successful mindset, and carve a path toward financial independence with Babylon's Legacy.

A gripping portrait of black power politics and the struggle for civil rights in postwar Oakland As the birthplace of the Black Panthers and a nationwide tax revolt, California embodied a crucial motif of the postwar United States: the rise of suburbs and the decline of cities, a process in which black and white histories inextricably joined. American Babylon tells this story through Oakland and its nearby suburbs, tracing both the history of civil rights and black power politics as well as the history of suburbanization and home-owner politics. Robert Self shows that racial inequities in both New Deal and Great Society liberalism precipitated local struggles over land, jobs, taxes, and race within postwar metropolitan development. Black power and the tax revolt evolved together, in tension. American Babylon demonstrates that the history of civil rights and black liberation politics in California did not follow a southern model, but represented a long-term struggle for economic rights that began during the World War II years and continued through the rise of the Black Panthers in the late 1960s. This struggle yielded a wide-ranging and profound critique of postwar metropolitan development and its foundation of class and racial segregation. Self traces the roots of the 1978 tax revolt to the 1940s, when home owners, real estate brokers, and the federal government used racial segregation and industrial property taxes to forge a middle-class lifestyle centered on property ownership. Using the East Bay as a starting point, Robert Self gives us a richly detailed, engaging narrative that uniquely integrates the most important racial liberation struggles and class politics of postwar America.

The enemy is among us, waging a war of world political domination against us. We must fight to strike it at its core, or else we will be in serious trouble. The Demystify Sin spiritual manual series deals with a simple brand of truth that exposes the deep darkness and equips us to overcome it in our objective reality. It discusses practical techniques to help us stand on our feet spiritually. This volume explores spiritual dynamics leading to a clear and potentially grave destination as predefined in the Word of God. It serves as the Spirit of God shining the light of the Word into the darkness, revealing the enemy at work, and it offers ways to defend ourselves against that enemy. God has called and appointed author Ola Faseku to undermine and expose the darkness, and Jesus Christ gave him wisdom, revelation, knowledge, and understanding of scriptures and the times, which he shares as truth without fear. This spiritual guide tells how we will deal with the antichrist and his war that is in progress; how we will contain and dismantle Babylon: satan’s kingdom of darkness on earth.

From the silent era to the present, film productions have shaped the way the public views campus life. Collaborations between universities and Hollywood entities have disseminated influential ideas of race, gender, class, and sexual difference. Even more directly, Hollywood has drawn writers, actors, and other talent from ranks of professors and students while also promoting the industry in classrooms, curricula, and film studies programs. In addition to founding film schools, university administrators have offered campuses as filming locations. In University Babylon, Curtis Marez argues that cinema has been central to the uneven incorporation and exclusion of different kinds of students, professors, and knowledge. Working together, Marez argues, film and educational institutions have produced a powerful ideology that links respectability to academic merit in order to marginalize and manage people of color. Combining concepts and methods from critical university studies, ethnic studies, native studies, and film studies, University Babylon analyzes the symbolic and institutional collaborations between Hollywood filmmakers and university administrators over the representation of students and, by extension, college life more broadly.