This book elaborates on the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, their advantages, self-assembly and their applications in diverse fields of energy, biotechnology, biomedical and environment. The contents provide insight into tools, tricks and challenges associated with techniques of fabrication and future challenges and risks. This book also discusses the properties of modern hybrid nanomaterials and their performance, durability, reproducibility and sensitivity. It will be useful for students and researchers in the area of nanotechnology, science, engineering and environmental chemistry. This volume will also be useful for researchers and professionals working on nanohybrid materials.

Organic Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototheranostics highlights the use of biocompatible building blocks to make nanomaterials that can aid in medical treatment through better diagnostic and antitumor efficacy. It synthesizes the current literature on synthetic strategies and designs based on peptides, proteins, polymers, lipids, and their conjugates, as well as composites and complexes with metals and inorganic components used to form the nanomaterials. Mechanistic approaches, clinical problems, and therapeutic and diagnostics mechanisms are covered in each chapter. Cellular interactions and uptake, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, drug delivery efficiency, and safety concerns of these types of nanomaterials are discussed, as well. Other topics looked at include photostability, clearance, metabolism, in-vitro and in-vivo mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, imaging, and toxicology. - Outlines fabrication and design strategies of peptides, proteins, polymers, lipids, composites, and complexes with metals and inorganic components - Discusses the limitations and challenges of organic nanomaterials in clinical use, including their mechanisms of penetration into cancer cells and tissue, photostability, clearance, and metabolism - Covers clinical problems and therapeutic and diagnostics mechanisms

"A powerful strategy for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials involves the assembly of both inorganic and organic nanostructured components to result in a hybrid material with intrinsically tailored properties. Achieving desired hybrid material structure, function, and reproducibility necessitates the investigation of methods to establish and preserve monodispersity, chemical functionality, and required properties within the component nanomaterials. Described herein is work on biological and synthetic nanostructures as potential building blocks for nanostructured materials by design.In the first part of this thesis we present our investigation into the functional properties and chemical control of two bio-organic materials: tobacco mosaic virus coat protein and the reversibly photoswitchable protein Dronpa. Attachment of a hexahistidine tag to tobacco mosaic virus coat protein by genetic engineering resulted in unprecedented assembly behavior for the coat protein, forming nanostructured rafts, nanofibers, and hexagonally packed disks in addition to structures normally observed for the wild-type coat protein. The type of assembly formed was controlled by the addition of ethanol or nickel(II)-nitrilotriacetic acid, enabling the modified protein to serve as a reliable template for the future preparation of hybrid nanostructured materials. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy obtained of Dronpa monolayers on gold allowed us to define the relationships between Dronpa fluorescence switching, orientation, and conductance. Modification of Dronpa with a hexahistidine tag resulted in better self-assembled monolayers of Dronpa, and also demonstrated the influence of molecular orientation on protein conductivity. Recent applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for separation, catalysis, and magnetic imaging have stimulated interest in the synthesis and modification of ultrasmall water-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles (the topic of Chapters 4 and 5) as components for the preparation of functional materials. In response, an efficient ligand exchange method for the synthesis of aqueous stable magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was developed to yield monodisperse nanoparticles functionalized with the small, highly charged ligands dopamine and Tiron. Motivated by the need to better understand the nature of ligand binding to iron oxide, model benzoic acid derivatives and catechol-based ligands were reacted with oleic acid stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the ligand exchange, purification, and the resulting complexes. The correlations observed between features in the obtained spectra and solubility of the ligand-stabilized nanoparticles enabled the assignment of binding modes for the series of model ligands--which will assist in the rational design of custom ligands for iron oxide. Advances in monodispersity, chemical control, reaction monitoring, and knowledge gained regarding the structure-functional relationships of the bio-organic and inorganic materials examined in this work will assist in the design of future hybrid inorganic-organic nanostructured materials. " --

This ready reference is the first to collate the interdisciplinary knowledge from materials science, bioengineering and nanotechnology to give an in-depth overview of the topic. As such, it provides broad coverage of combinations between inorganic materials and such key biological structures as proteins, enzymes, DNA, or biopolymers. With its treatment of various application directions, including bioelectronic interfacing, tissue repair, porous membranes, sensors, nanocontainers, and DNA engineering, this is essential reading for materials engineers, medical researchers, catalytic chemists, biologists, and those working in the biotechnological and semiconductor industries.

This cutting-edge reference book discusses the biomedical applications of nanomaterials. It covers different types of nanoparticles, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipoidal nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles. It discusses the current trends and challenges in the development of safe biomedicines. The book reviews FDA-approved medicines, nanohybrid systems for early-stage diagnosis and treatment of diseases, advanced approaches of cost-effective bio-imaging, and theragnostics. It also covers the basic design and fundamental understanding of surface-engineered biomedicine. The book is meant for experts in the healthcare industry as well as post-graduates in biomedical engineering and nanotechnology.