‘Fundamentals of Agriculture’ for competitive exams in agriculture discipline contains 6 chapters in volume I and 7 chapters in volume II covering all disciplines of agriculture. The chapters included General Agriculture, Agricultural Climatology, Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Seed Technology and Agronomy in volume I and Soil Science & Agricultural Microbiology, Horticulture, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Extension, Agriculture Economics and Agriculture Statistics in Volume II have given due importance and whole syllabus is covered as per ICAR/SAUs syllabus and guidelines. Each chapters contains very short types of descriptive questions. Recent precise information and development in the field of agriculture have been incorporated in the book. For the overall benefit of the student in the discipline of agriculture we have made this book exclusively in such a way that it hands out not only solutions but also detailed explanations. Though these detailed and thorough explanation, student can learn the concepts which will enhance their thinking and learning ability. Thus this book may be useful not only to students but also teachers, researchers, extension workers and development officers for reference and easy answering of many complicated questions of all related disciplines of agriculture. Fundamentals of Agriculture covers the course contents of competitive examinations like IAS, IFS, PCS, ARS, Banking services, B.Sc./M.Sc./Ph.D. (Ag) admission, states and national levels of different competitions in agriculture. The entire book is prepared in most simple, clear, talking language, comprehensive and short descriptive types of questions so that the concepts could be easily understand by the readers in short times. Hence, this book can solve as a single platform for preparation of different competitive examinations in agriculture.

‘Fundamentals of Agriculture’ for competitive exams in agriculture discipline contains 6 chapters in volume I and 7 chapters in volume II covering all disciplines of agriculture. The chapters included General Agriculture, Agricultural Climatology, Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Seed Technology and Agronomy in volume I and Soil Science & Agricultural Microbiology, Horticulture, Entomology, Plant Pathology, Agriculture Extension, Agriculture Economics and Agriculture Statistics in Volume II have given due importance and whole syllabus is covered as per ICAR/SAUs syllabus and guidelines. Each chapters contains very short types of descriptive questions. Recent precise information and development in the field of agriculture have been incorporated in the book. For the overall benefit of the student in the discipline of agriculture we have made this book exclusively in such a way that it hands out not only solutions but also detailed explanations. Though these detailed and thorough explanation, student can learn the concepts which will enhance their thinking and learning ability. Thus this book may be useful not only to students but also teachers, researchers, extension workers and development officers for reference and easy answering of many complicated questions of all related disciplines of agriculture. Fundamentals of Agriculture covers the course contents of competitive examinations like IAS, IFS, PCS, ARS, Banking services, B.Sc./M.Sc./Ph.D. (Ag) admission, states and national levels of different competitions in agriculture. The entire book is prepared in most simple, clear, talking language, comprehensive and short descriptive types of questions so that the concepts could be easily understand by the readers in short times. Hence, this book can solve as a single platform for preparation of different competitive examinations in agriculture.

The irrigation water is considered as the essential input for crop production. Over exploitation of natural water resources has caused a menace for the future human generations. The depletion of underground water table in high productivity areas and under utilization of the water resources in rain fed areas of the country, poor irrigation efficiency and high seepage losses from conveyance system, poor land development and mismanagement of the irrigation water resources has acquired alarming proportions. As the share of water for agriculture in future is going to reduce, there will be tremendous pressure to produce more per drop of water in order to meet the food and other requirements of burgeoning population of the country. The existing irrigation water resources are not utilized judiciously and their mismanagement has lead to problems like low production efficiency, salinization, water logging and degradation of land. To manage these problems and increase the production efficiency of irrigation, it is pertinent to adopt judicious methods of irrigation water use, by efficient on-farm irrigation management based on scientific approach. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge of available soil moisture and its constants, scheduling and quality of irrigation water and proper drainage techniques is crucial. This manual on irrigation engineering is an attempt to fulfil this urgent need as it covers all major aspects of irrigation water management. Although, manual is meant primarily for the students of agricultural universities, yet it will provide valuable basic information and guide to the scientific community and field functionaries.

Interdisciplinary and Sustainability Issues in Food and Agriculture is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Interdisciplinary and Sustainability Issues in Food and Agriculture provides the essential aspects and discusses a number of issues of importance in the development of specific agriculture and food supply systems that are closely related to general developmental trends of humankind. In this context technology and economic development as well as socio-cultural developments affect productivity and a secure supply with food. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Interdisciplinary and Sustainability Issues in Food and Agriculture is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Interdisciplinary and Sustainability Issues in Food and Agriculture provides the essential aspects and discusses a number of issues of importance in the development of specific agriculture and food supply systems that are closely related to general developmental trends of humankind. In this context technology and economic development as well as socio-cultural developments affect productivity and a secure supply with food. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

“Indira’s Objective Agronomy” 3rd Revised Ed. for competitive examinations in agronomy discipline contain 16 chapters covering all related discipline. Each chapters contains multiple choice questions and total about 8000 objective questions with multiple choice have been framed and arranged sequentially for the easy understanding of the students. Recent information and development in the field of agronomy have been incorporated in the text. Thus this book is based on the syllabus of student of agronomy stream, it may be useful not only to students but also teachers, researchers and development officers for reference and easy answering of many complicated questions. The chapters are chosen in view to cover the course contents of competitive examinations like IAS, IFS, ARS, PCS and Banking services of agricultural subjects particular in agronomy. The entire book is prepared in most simple, clear and talking language so that the contents could be easily followed by the readers.

An understanding of dynamic effects on structures is critical to minimize losses from earthquakes and other hazards. These three books provide an overview of essential topics in structural and geotechnical engineering with an additional focus on related topics in earthquake engineering to enable readers gain such an understanding. One of the ultimate objectives of these books is to provide readers with insights into seismic analysis and design. However, in order to accomplish that objective, background material on structural and geotechnical engineering is necessary. Hence the first two sections of the book provide this background material followed by selected topics in earthquake engineering. The material is organized into three major parts. The first section covers topics in structural engineering. Beginning with fundamental mechanics of materials, the book includes chapters on linear and nonlinear analysis as well as topics on modeling of structures from different perspectives. In addition to traditional design of structural systems, introductions to important concepts in structural reliability and structural stability are discussed. Also covered are subjects of recent interest, viz., blast and impact effects on structures as well as the use of fiber reinforced polymer composites in structural applications. Given the growing interest in urban renewal, an interesting chapter on restoration of historic cities is also included. The second part of the book covers topics in geotechnical engineering, covering both shallow and deep foundations and issues and procedures for geotechnical modeling. The final part of the book focuses on earthquake engineering with emphasis on both structures and foundations. Here again, the material covered includes both traditional seismic design and innovative seismic protection. And more importantly, concepts in modeling for seismic analysis are highlighted.

Impacts of Agriculture on Human Health and Nutrition is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Agriculture on Human Health and Nutrition provides the essential aspects and a number of issues of importance in human life: Global Prevalence of Micronutrient Malnutrition and Impacts on the Health of Children; Community-Centered Food-Based Strategies for Alleviating and Preventing Malnutrition; Influence of Mineral Fertilizers on Nutritional Quality of Staple Food Crops; Molecular Genetic Approaches to Improve the Nutritional Quality of Staple Food Crops; Nutritional Consequences of Using Organic Agricultural Methods in Developing Countries which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Human health and wellbeing depend strongly on production, quality, and availability of food. Agriculture, or cultivation of the soil, harvesting crops, and raising livestock, which are the main sources of food, has no single origin. At different times and in numerous places, many plants and animals have been domesticated to provide food for humankind. Fishing, like farming, is a form of primary food production. Through food gathering, primitive humans first obtained fish and other aquatic products in the shallow waters of lakes and along the seashore, in areas with ebb tides, and in small streams. The breadth and complexity of the subject matter presented here is vast. This volume traces the extraordinary history of human colonization of the habitable world and is a chronicle of humankind’s early communion with the underlying realities of the earth’s physical environment, the eventual destruction of this harmonious relationship, and efforts to repair the damage. To make it easier for the reader the volume is divided into 7 sections Food and agriculture and the use of natural resources examines the relationship between food production and the resource base and demonstrate how humans have adapted and exploited Nature to feed the burgeoning populations of humans and their domestic animals. History of forestry from ancient times to the present day is analyzed and shows the linkage between forest clearance for agriculture and the rise of human populations, and current global environmental issues. History of Fishing is a saga explained that spans the full range from traditional fishing for subsistence through to the evolution of modern factory fishing fleets Impact of global change on agriculture outlines the impact of climate change, human demographic trends and the sustainability issues that arise. Economics and policy of food production analyzes the global trade in foodstuffs and the regional specializations and land use complexities. Fundamentals of human health and nutrition explains the complexities of providing a balanced and safe diet for humans throughout their life cycle from birth to old age. It explores some of the linkages between human health and the quality and quantity of food provided. Human nutrition: an overview provides, a wide ranging summary of the issues and imperatives associated with providing humans with food of a quality and standard that will ensure healthy lives. In the history of human development from the time of the earliest agricultural activities humans have cleared the natural forests and woodlands to obtain building materials and fuel wood, and to provide lands for domestic animals and crops. It is this aspect that is the main focus of the volume. The authors in this volume have analyzed and reviewed the interactions between the utilization of natural resources and human nutrition. Much attention focuses on the specific contribution by agriculture (including livestock husbandry), forestry and fisheries in meeting human needs. This synoptic overview assesses the pattern of past change in the relationship between humans and the resource base on which their lives depend. Lessons learned, or still to be learned, are teased out and elaborated. The vast breadth of the subject matter covered in this volume has meant that the work has benefited from the input of many individual contributors from vastly different parts of the globe. I am grateful to the contributors and reviewers for their time and effort and the exchange of ideas and the learning experience that I obtained by working with such a diverse and learned group. We all owe a debt of gratitude to the vast "invisible college" of colleagues whose publications that have shed light on some of the most pertinent problems facing humankind today. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Interactions: Food, Agriculture And Environment is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Interactions: Food, Agriculture and Environment focuses on methods to ensure the development of agriculture and food production to be in dialectic unity with the surrounding natural environment. In every country of the world agriculture always faces complex problems: how to significantly increase production of agricultural products to supply the population with sufficient food, and industry with sufficient raw materials, and how to satisfy the permanently growing demand. The acuteness of this task has always been linked with the demographic factor and the need to guarantee the population with a high living standard free of starvation and poverty. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.