A monograph examining recent progress in the field of inhomogeneous fluids, focusing on the theoretical - as well as experimental - techniques used. It presents the comprehensive theory of first-order phase transitions, including melting, and contains numerous figures, tables and display equations.;The contributors treat such subjects as: exact sum rules for inhomogenous fluids, explaining density functional and integral equation methods; exact solutions for two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas; current advances in the theory of interfacial electrochemistry; wetting experiments and the theory of wetting; freezing, with an emphasis on quantum systems and homogeneous nucleation in liquid-vapour and solid-liquid transitions; self-organizing liquids as well as kinetic phenomena in inhomogeneous fluids, using a modified Enskog theory.;Featuring over 1000 bibliographic citations, this volume is aimed at physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; also physicists, electrochemists and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

A monograph examining recent progress in the field of inhomogeneous fluids, focusing on the theoretical - as well as experimental - techniques used. It presents the comprehensive theory of first-order phase transitions, including melting, and contains numerous figures, tables and display equations.;The contributors treat such subjects as: exact sum rules for inhomogenous fluids, explaining density functional and integral equation methods; exact solutions for two-dimensional homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas; current advances in the theory of interfacial electrochemistry; wetting experiments and the theory of wetting; freezing, with an emphasis on quantum systems and homogeneous nucleation in liquid-vapour and solid-liquid transitions; self-organizing liquids as well as kinetic phenomena in inhomogeneous fluids, using a modified Enskog theory.;Featuring over 1000 bibliographic citations, this volume is aimed at physical, surface, colloid and surfactant chemists; also physicists, electrochemists and graduate-level students in these disciplines.

The first Nato Advanced Studies Institute entirely devoted to density functional theory was held in Portugal in September 1983. The proceedings of this School, publis hed in early 1985, is still used as a standard reference covering the basic development of the theory and applications in atomic, molecular, solid state and nuclear physics. Ho wever, astonishing progress has been achieved in the intervening years: The foundations of the theory have been extended to cover excited states and time dependent problems more fully, density functional theory of classical liquids and superconducting systems has been addressed and extensions to relativistic, that is, field theoretical systems, as well as a more thorough discussion of magnetic field problems have been presented. In addition, new functionals have been devised, for instance under the heading of ge neralised gradient expansions, and the number of applications in the traditional fields has steadily increased, in particular in chemistry. Applications in new fields, as for instance the structure of atomic clusters and the marriage of density functional theory with molecular dynamics and simulated annealing, have provided additional impetus to the field of density functional theory.

This volume contains the lectures given at the Third Gordon Godfrey International Workshop on Computational Approaches to Novel Condensed Matter Systems which was held at The University of New South Wales July 12-17, 1993. Lecturers from Asia, Australia, Europe and North America gave a total of twenty-nine lectures which were spread over the five days. Unfortunately we were not able to include in this volume the lectures of S. Das Sarma from the University of Maryland on "Non-Equilibrium Growth as a Self-Organised Phenomenon" due to constraints of time. The workshops have been held annually since 1991 in Sydney, each covering a novel research area in condensed matter physics that is of topical interest. Australia has a strong tradition of research in condensed matter physics. The workshops are jointly organised by the School of Physics at the University of New South Wales (Sydney) and the Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering at the Australian National University (Canberra). The late Gordon God frey was an Associate Professor of Physics at the University of New South Wales. He bequeathed his estate for the promotion and teaching of theoretical physics within the university. The primary purpose of each workshop is to expose post-graduate students in physics to both informal interaction and formal lectures from recognised international leaders in topical research areas. Past experience has demonstrated again and again that to be informed about a new field there is no substitute for personal contact and interaction.

The ideal addition to the companion volume on fundamentals, methodologies, and applications, this second volume combines fundamental information with an overview of the role of ceramic membranes, electrodes and interfaces in this important, interdisciplinary and rapidly developing field. Written primarily for specialists working in solid state electrochemistry, this first comprehensive handbook on the topic focuses on the most important developments over the last decade, as well as the methodological and theoretical aspects and practical applications. This makes the contents equally of interest to material, physical and industrial scientists, and to physicists. Also available as a two-volume set.

This volume presents computer simulation methods and mathematical modelling of physical processes used in surface science research. It offers in-depth analysis of advanced theoretical approaches to behaviours of fluids in contact with porous, semiporous and nonporous solid surfaces. The book also explores interfacial systems for a wide variety of p

During the past fifteen years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of different surfaces whose structures have been determined experimentally. For example, whereas in 1979 there were only 25 recorded adsorption structures, to date there are more than 250. This volume is therefore a timely review of the state-of-the-art in this dynamic field.Chapter one contains a compilation of the structural data base on surfaces within a series of tables that allows direct comparison of structural parameters for related systems. Experimental structural trends amongst both clean surfaces and adsorbate systems are highlighted and discussed.The next chapter outlines the successes of local density functional theory in predicting the relaxations and reconstructions of clean metal and semiconductor surfaces, and the behaviour of adsorbates such as hydrogen, oxygen and alkali elements on metal surfaces, thereby explaining some of the experimental trends observed within the database. These ab initio density functional calculations are of ground state properties at the absolute zero of temperature. Chapter three provides an introduction to finite temperature effects in a pedagogical review of current statistical mechanical treatments of phase transitions at surfaces, many of which display the prominent role of fluctuations or non-mean field behaviour. The final chapter discusses the relationship of the reactivity of a surface to its morphology and composition, which is particularly relevant to a fundamental understanding of catalysis.

Natural gas hydrates can affect the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines. They can also affect the atmosphere through the greenhouse effect, and may serve as a natural resource for methane gas, for example. All of these aspects of gas hydrates are explored, along with possible solutions, in this volume.