This eBook is one of 10 carefully selected collections of key articles from the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine journal - a continually updated, evidence-based learning resource, based on the RCOA Curriculum. It is ideal for trainees preparing for the FRCA (or similar) exams. It will also prove an invaluable, authoritative refresher for life-long learning and CPD. Related MCQs are included to test your understanding.

In the four years since the publication of the third edition, this book has been very well received by those for whom it was intended - candidates for primary examinations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. In consequence, we make no excuse for repeating the formula of addressing only those facts which are neither speculative nor contentious. An attempt to widen this brief would multiply the length of the book by three or four times and would place it in an identical category with several much larger texts. As the underlying philosophy remains the same, the main changes in the fourth edition are the addition of new material and revision of existing material. Revision of existing material has been extensive with many detailed changes aimed at expanding the factual base while retaining or improving the clarity of explanation. In addition, the book is now associated with an MCQ Tutor which has proved especially popular. Finally, and probably most importantly, many of the changes are those which have been suggested by readers and reviewers of the previous editions; this feedback has been invaluable to the authors and we now hope will be equally valuable to readers of the new edition. In this edition we wish to express our particular gratitude to Dr John Clark and Miss Lois Hague for the very elegant new illustrations in Chapter 2.

MRCS Applied Basic Science and Clinical Topics offers a complete and up-to-date guide to specialty training in surgery, covering all the core topics examined in the MRCS Part A and B exams. Presented in a clear layout, chapters are mapped to the syllabus to deliver structured revision in all the systems. Featuring concise and easy-to-digest notes, this book provides clinical knowledge, practical skills and the essential revision tool to maximise chances of exam success. Key Points Presents topics in an accessible double-page format for rapid access to information Covers the full knowledge-base examined by the Royal College of Surgeons Highly illustrated with clinical photographs, imaging and diagrams to aid visual memory of topics Equips candidates with the necessary basic science and clinical knowledge to succeed in the MRCS exams Complements MRCS Part A: 500 SBAs and EMQs and MRCS Part B OSCE: Anatomy Highly Commended at the BMA Medical Book Awards 2013

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Reconstruction and Basic Science, 2nd Edition, by Dr. Chadwick Prodromos, provides the expert guidance you need to effectively select the right procedure and equipment, prevent complications, and improve outcomes for every patient. Written and edited by world leaders in hamstring, allograft, and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) ACL reconstruction, this revised reference is a must-have resource for the full range of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques, plus fixation devices, rehabilitation, revision ACLR surgery, and much more! Covers the latest clinical and technical information on pain control, genetics and biologics, the use of ultrasound, and much more. Features dozens of new chapters that offer up-to-date information on pain control after ACLR, single vs. double bundle repairs, genetics and collagen type, all-inside techniques, biologics, pediatrics, ACL ganglion cysts, prognosis for ACLR success, allografts vs. autografts, and more. Provides the experience and insight of a "dream team" of ACL experts, including James Andrews on sports medicine, Frank Noyes on HTO and ACLR, and Andrew Amis on the benefits of the older femoral tunnel placement technique.

This book focuses on the practical issues of the implementation of state-of-the-art acquisition methodologies and protocols for both basic science and clinical practice. It is a practical guidebook for both beginners and advanced users for easy and practical implementation of acquisition protocols. It is relevant for a wide audience that ranges from students, residents, fellows, basic scientists, physicists, engineers, and medical practitioners. The novelty of this book relates to its intended practical use and focus on state-of-the-art cardiac MRI techniques that span both the clinical and basic science fields. In comparison and contrast to other pre-existing books, this book will distinguish from others for its practical usefulness and conciseness. Correspondingly, the book will be used as a handbook (quick reference) for new starters or people who would like to establish state-of-the-art cardiac MRI techniques in their institutions. Given the historical evolution of technique development in MRI, the clinical and basic science topics will be described separately. However, in instances where basic science development complemented (or is envisaged to complement) clinical development (e.g., Diffusion MRI and tractography), every effort will be made to allow a comprehensive review and associations of the clinical/basic science subfields.

This eBook is one of 9 carefully selected collections of key articles from the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine journal - a continually updated, evidence-based learning resource, based on the RCOA Curriculum. It will be an invaluable guide throughout the specialty traiing years and for when preparing for the FRCA (or similar) exams. It will also prove to be a helpful, authoritative refresher for life-long learning and CPD. Related MCQs are included to test your understanding.

The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowledge required for preliminary examinations in specialist obstetrics and gynaecology; the first part of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. Thus the field covered is that of the basic sciences (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) as applied to human reproduction. Most examinations of this type are based on mUltiple choice questions (MCQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of 'fact' which lends itself to testing by this approach. There is no discussion of speculative or contentious areas, no account of present or future research and no references. Excellent books are available which treat the topic in a much fuller and more discursive manner and the present volume does not seek to emulate them. Readers will be aware that even apparently immutable facts are subject to occasional revision. We have attempted to present the 'state of the art': most of the material is generally if not universally accepted. A particular problem arises with numerical information.

Ultraviolet radiation, a component of sunlight, has been recognized by photobiologists, dermatologists, and oculists as a potential hazard for human health because of its genotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties. Its effects on human health include the induction of skin cancers, ocular damage and impairment of immunity to certain infections. A few decennia ago it was demonstrated that UV photons can affect the activity of the immune system through interactions with the skin. This means that UV not only changes normal cells into cancer cells but also permits the outgrowth of the UV -transformed cells by depressing the immune system. An intriguing question is what interactions between UV radiation and the skin initiates alterations in immune function in the exposed skin and systemically, i. e. in other places than the exposed skin. During the last 20 years many studies have been performed in order to investigate the immunosuppressive activities of UVB in laboratory animals and in human volunteers. In particular effects of UVB radiation on resistance to tumours and skin associated infections have been examined. In addition, effects of UVB radiation on immune parameters such as contact hypersensitivity and delayed-type hypersensitivity (both type IV hypersensitivity reactions), mixed lymphocyte reactions, mixed skin lymphocyte reactions, antigen presentation and numbers and function of Langerhans cells have been studied intensively. The antigenicity of murine tumours which are caused by UVB radiation was one of the first items to be investigated (Kripke, 1974).