From ancient times until the early nineteenth century, many medical practitioners believed that the body contained four humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. Humoral doctrine stated that balancing these humors was the key to health. Then in the mid-1800s, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch shattered these misconceptions and established our modern understanding of germs. These scientists were pioneers, and their legacy is medical practice rooted in scientific evidence. This book looks at how Pasteur’s contributions were based upon innovations like the microscope, how Lister’s and Koch’s theories built upon Pasteur’s discoveries, and how germ theory continues to evolve today in the era of superbugs.

Germ Theory: Medical Pioneers in Infectious Diseases, SECOND EDITION From the ancient worlds of Hippocrates and Avicenna to the early 20th century hospitals of Paul Ehrlich and Lillian Wald to the modern-day laboratories of François Barré-Sinoussi and Barry Marshall, Germ Theory brings to life the inspiring stories of medical pioneers whose work helped change the very fabric of our understanding of how we think about and treat infectious diseases. In beautifully crafted narratives, author Robert Gaynes describes and presents compelling stories, including How Edward Jenner, the pioneer of vaccination, faced down scores of naysayers How a chance discovery led Louis Pasteur to the idea that the virulence of microbes can be altered How scientists in France, the Netherlands, and Denmark produced penicillin during World War 2 while keeping their efforts hidden from the Nazis The second edition features three new chapters based on interviews with Nobel Laureates François Barré-Sinoussi and Barry Marshall, and former NIAID Director and medical advisor to seven U.S. presidents Anthony Fauci, detailing fascinating accounts from their careers, including their groundbreaking work in the areas of HIV, peptic ulcers, and COVID-19, respectively. Winner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title award for its first edition, Germ Theory is required reading for anyone training or working in the field of infectious diseases or with an interest in microbes, the history of medicine, or how new discoveries can bring about paradigmatic shifts in thinking.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1883.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1883.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1883.

Gradle, ophthalmologist of Chicago, wrote the first book in English on the germ theory. -- H.W. Orr.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1876.

What really happened to ATLANTIS? Did ANCIENT ALIENS really build the PYRAMIDS? Is there a SECRET GOVERNMENT that plans to POISON most of the population? Is BIG PHARMA harming us to turn a profit? Are McDONALD'S HAMBURGERS really made from INSIDIOUS CHEMICALS? Are we really close to the END OF THE WORLD? OCCAM'S NIGHTMARE is an exploration of the world of conspiracy theories, alternative science, pop culture, and how they all tie together. Mapping the history of speculative and dubious ideas, CRACKED contributor S Peter Davis traces a genealogy of wacky hypotheses right back to where they all began. How horror author H.P. LOVECRAFT is responsible for both SCIENTOLOGY and ANCIENT ALIENS How ONE WOMAN created the MYTH OF ATLANTIS, the DAVID ICKE PHENOMENON, and NAZISM How a theory of disease from the time of the BLACK DEATH is responsible for both ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE and VACCINE HYSTERIA How CHARLES MANSON is really behind the controversy about OBAMA'S BIRTH CERTIFICATE

Examines America's experience with a wide range of quarantine practices over the past 400 years and the political, economic, immigration, and public health considerations that have prompted success or failure within the evolving role of public health. The novel strain of coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and became a worldwide pandemic in 2020 is only one of more than 87 new or emerging pathogens discovered since 1980 that have posed a risk to public health. While many may consider quarantine an antiquated practice, it is often one of the only defenses against new and dangerous communicable diseases. Tracing the United States' quarantine practices through the colonial, postcolonial, and modern eras, Germs at Bay provides an eye-opening look at how quarantine has worked despite routine dismissal of its value. This book is for anyone seeking to understand the challenges of controlling the spread of COVID-19 and helps readers internalize the lessons learned from the pandemic. Few titles provide this level of primary source data on the United States' long reliance on quarantine practices and the political, social, and economic factors that have influenced them.