This volume contains the expanded lecture notes of courses taught at the Emile Borel Centre of the Henri Poincare Institute (Paris). In the book, leading experts introduce recent research in their fields. The unifying theme is the study of heat kernels in various situations using related geometric and analytic tools. Topics include analysis of complex-coefficient elliptic operators, diffusions on fractals and on infinite-dimensional groups, heat kernel and isoperimetry on Riemannian manifolds, heat kernels and infinite dimensional analysis, diffusions and Sobolev-type spaces on metric spaces, quasi-regular mappings and $p$-Laplace operators, heat kernel and spherical inversion on $SL 2(C)$, random walks and spectral geometry on crystal lattices, isoperimetric and isocapacitary inequalities, and generating function techniques for random walks on graphs. This volume is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in random processes and analysis on manifolds.

The heat kernel has long been an essential tool in both classical and modern mathematics but has become especially important in geometric analysis as a result of major innovations beginning in the 1970s. The methods based on heat kernels have been used in areas as diverse as analysis, geometry, and probability, as well as in physics. This book is a comprehensive introduction to heat kernel techniques in the setting of Riemannian manifolds, which inevitably involves analysis of the Laplace-Beltrami operator and the associated heat equation. The first ten chapters cover the foundations of the subject, while later chapters deal with more advanced results involving the heat kernel in a variety of settings. The exposition starts with an elementary introduction to Riemannian geometry, proceeds with a thorough study of the spectral-theoretic, Markovian, and smoothness properties of the Laplace and heat equations on Riemannian manifolds, and concludes with Gaussian estimates of heat kernels. Grigor'yan has written this book with the student in mind, in particular by including over 400 exercises. The text will serve as a bridge between basic results and current research.Titles in this series are co-published with International Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.

"This volume contains the expanded lecture notes of courses taught at the Emile Borel Centre of the Henri Poincaré Institute (Paris). In the book, leading experts introduce recent research in their fields. The unifying theme is the study of heat kernels in various situations using related geometric and analytic tools. Topics include analysis of complex-coefficient elliptic operators, diffusions on fractals and on infinite-dimensional groups, heat kernel and isoperimetry on Riemannian manifolds, heat kernels and infinite dimensional analysis, diffusions and Sobolev-type spaces on metric spaces, quasi-regular mappings and p -Laplace operators, heat kernel and spherical inversion on SL 2 (C) , random walks and spectral geometry on crystal lattices, isoperimetric and isocapacitary inequalities, and generating function techniques for random walks on graphs."--Publisher's website.

Contains lecture notes from most of the courses presented at the 50th anniversary edition of the Seminaire de Mathematiques Superieure in Montreal. This 2011 summer school was devoted to the analysis and geometry of metric measure spaces, and featured much interplay between this subject and the emergent topic of optimal transportation.

The book covers the latest research in the areas of mathematics that deal the properties of partial differential equations and stochastic processes on spaces in connection with the geometry of the underlying space. Written by experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for the advanced mathematician.

Small-radius tubular structures have attracted considerable attention in the last few years, and are frequently used in different areas such as Mathematical Physics, Spectral Geometry and Global Analysis. In this monograph, we analyse Laplace-like operators on thin tubular structures ("graph-like spaces''), and their natural limits on metric graphs. In particular, we explore norm resolvent convergence, convergence of the spectra and resonances. Since the underlying spaces in the thin radius limit change, and become singular in the limit, we develop new tools such as norm convergence of operators acting in different Hilbert spaces, an extension of the concept of boundary triples to partial differential operators, and an abstract definition of resonances via boundary triples. These tools are formulated in an abstract framework, independent of the original problem of graph-like spaces, so that they can be applied in many other situations where the spaces are perturbed.

This book addresses a new interdisciplinary area emerging on the border between various areas of mathematics, physics, chemistry, nanotechnology, and computer science. The focus here is on problems and techniques related to graphs, quantum graphs, and fractals that parallel those from differential equations, differential geometry, or geometric analysis. Also included are such diverse topics as number theory, geometric group theory, waveguide theory, quantum chaos, quantum wiresystems, carbon nano-structures, metal-insulator transition, computer vision, and communication networks.This volume contains a unique collection of expert reviews on the main directions in analysis on graphs (e.g., on discrete geometric analysis, zeta-functions on graphs, recently emerging connections between the geometric group theory and fractals, quantum graphs, quantum chaos on graphs, modeling waveguide systems and modeling quantum graph systems with waveguides, control theory on graphs), as well as research articles.

In this paper, time changes of the Brownian motions on generalized Sierpinski carpets including n-dimensional cube [0,1]n are studied. Intuitively time change corresponds to alteration to density of the medium where the heat flows. In case of the Brownian motion on [0,1]n, density of the medium is homogeneous and represented by the Lebesgue measure. The author's study includes densities which are singular to the homogeneous one. He establishes a rich class of measures called measures having weak exponential decay. This class contains measures which are singular to the homogeneous one such as Liouville measures on [0,1]2 and self-similar measures. The author shows the existence of time changed process and associated jointly continuous heat kernel for this class of measures. Furthermore, he obtains diagonal lower and upper estimates of the heat kernel as time tends to 0. In particular, to express the principal part of the lower diagonal heat kernel estimate, he introduces “protodistance” associated with the density as a substitute of ordinary metric. If the density has the volume doubling property with respect to the Euclidean metric, the protodistance is shown to produce metrics under which upper off-diagonal sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimate and lower near diagonal heat kernel estimate will be shown.

This book explores and demonstrates how geometric tools can be used in data analysis. Beginning with a systematic exposition of the mathematical prerequisites, covering topics ranging from category theory to algebraic topology, Riemannian geometry, operator theory and network analysis, it goes on to describe and analyze some of the most important machine learning techniques for dimension reduction, including the different types of manifold learning and kernel methods. It also develops a new notion of curvature of generalized metric spaces, based on the notion of hyperconvexity, which can be used for the topological representation of geometric information. In recent years there has been a fascinating development: concepts and methods originally created in the context of research in pure mathematics, and in particular in geometry, have become powerful tools in machine learning for the analysis of data. The underlying reason for this is that data are typically equipped with some kind of notion of distance, quantifying the differences between data points. Of course, to be successfully applied, the geometric tools usually need to be redefined, generalized, or extended appropriately. Primarily aimed at mathematicians seeking an overview of the geometric concepts and methods that are useful for data analysis, the book will also be of interest to researchers in machine learning and data analysis who want to see a systematic mathematical foundation of the methods that they use.

Over the last fifteen years fractal geometry has established itself as a substantial mathematical theory in its own right. The interplay between fractal geometry, analysis and stochastics has highly influenced recent developments in mathematical modeling of complicated structures. This process has been forced by problems in these areas related to applications in statistical physics, biomathematics and finance. This book is a collection of survey articles covering many of the most recent developments, like Schramm-Loewner evolution, fractal scaling limits, exceptional sets for percolation, and heat kernels on fractals. The authors were the keynote speakers at the conference "Fractal Geometry and Stochastics IV" at Greifswald in September 2008.