This report describes the dynamics of HIV epidemics among vulnerable and high risk populations in the European region, in particular people who inject drugs, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. It aims to inform future HIV responses and guide HIV prevention surveillance and research.

Tells the story of HIV/AIDS in Europe from a broad variety of perspectives: bio-medical, social, cultural, economic and political. The authors are leading experts from across the region and include both the infected and the affected, be they doctors or former drug users, United Nations employees or gay men, public health researchers or community activits. They describe how, from the first documented cases in 1981 to the present era of antiretroviral management, controlling the human inmmunodeficiency virus in Europe has provided elusive.

This report sets out a current review of the health situation in the 52 countries in the WHO Europe region, focusing particularly on child and adolescent health and development issues. It examines the major causes of the burden of disease and key preventable risk factors, as well as considering effective policy responses. The report also includes statistical tables used as the basis of its conclusions, as well as definitions of terms used.

This comprehensive, up-to-date reference book is intended to serve as the standard guide in the field. It covers the epidemiology and etiology of the various sexually transmitted infections and associated diseases, reviews novel diagnostic methods, and discusses in depth both new and established treatment methods. An important part of the book is devoted to prevention and particularly to immunoprevention by vaccination. Related issues such as sexual abuse, psychosocial aspects, and economic and political considerations are also included. The expertise of many worldwide renowned specialists and superb color illustrations make this book a valuable resource for practitioners from a variety of medical disciplines. It has a reader-friendly structure with “core messages” and “take-home pearls”.

This book systematically assesses the risk of 21 major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries. It consists of 14 chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview. Chapter 2 introduces the history of health cooperation between China and other BRI countries. Chapters 3-14 introduce the prevalence of major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries such as cholera, vaccine preventable diseases (polio, measles, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, hepatitis A), tuberculosis, influenza, and insect-borne diseases (Dengue fever, Zika virus disease, yellow fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever), plague, malaria, Ebola virus disease, MERS, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 and AIDS, and risk factors, principles and cases of their prevention and control. It is a useful reference book in the research of infectious disease control and prevention, and provides historical experience and lessons learned. It also provides decision support for international cooperation among BRI countries in the field of epidemic prevention and control in the future.

The countries of Eastern Europe and the central Asian region are experiencing the greatest increases in rates of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis infections. This publication sets out the World Bank's regional support strategy which seeks to provide a unifying framework for the Bank's work as part of the international support for country-led responses to these public health problems. It identifies short to medium term priorities and clarifies options for integrating effective interventions into the broader agenda of poverty reduction and economic development.

The second edition of this concise and practical guide describes infections in geographical areas and provides information on disease risk, concomitant infections (such as co-prevalence of HIV and tuberculosis) and emerging bacterial, viral and parasitic infections in a given geographical area of the world. Geographic approach means that its the only book to guide the health care worker towards a diagnosis based on the location of symptoms and travel history by encouraging the question where have you been? New content covering MERS, Ebola, Zika, and infections transmitted during air and maritime travel Covers the major infectious disease outbreaks framed in their geographic setting such as H7N9 bird flu influenza, H1N1, Ebola, and Zika Outstanding international editor team with vast experience on various international infectious disease and as journal editors and key leaders in infection surveillance

The annual AIDS epidemic update reports on the latest developments in the global AIDS epidemic. With maps and regional summaries, the 2009 edition provides the most recent estimates of the epidemic s scope and human toll and explores new trends in the epidemic's evolution.

The 'Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry' provides insight into the interface between the psychiatric, medical, and social dimensions of HIV and AIDS and the need for a compassionate, integrated, and approach to the HIV pandemic with an emphasis on humanizing destigmatizing HIV

The Editors would like to thank the authors of the papers at the Advanced Research Workshops for their excellent presentations at the workshops and the production of their drafts. We are indebted to those who helped in the preparation of this volume. We should particularly like to acknowledge the help of Piers Millett, who compiled the papers, set them into camera-ready format and produced the index and Dr. Simon Whitby who made the final changes to the manuscript. Any remaining errors are, of course, our responsibility. Malcolm R. Dando Cyril Klement Marian Negut Graham S. Pearson IX ACHIEVING SECURITY BENEFITS FROM TECHNICAL COOPERATION UNDER THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION GRAHAM S. PEARSON Visiting Professor of International Security, Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 IDP, UK 1. Background l The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention which opened for signature in 1972 2 and entered into force in 1975 currently has 144 States Parties and 18 Signatory States Article I of the Convention is all-embracing in its complete prohibition of biological weapons stating that: Each State Party to this Convention undertakes never in any circumstances to develop, produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain: (1) Microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes; (2) Weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such