The East Asian countries have been relatively more advanced than other developing countries in the field of human capital development. Even in the 1960s they managed to attain higher levels of human capital compared with other low- and middle-level economies in the developing world. This volume examines the role of human capital formation in the rapid growth of the East Asian economies. Apart from the formal education variable, other factors such as better health care of the labour force, nutritional status of the population, and on-the-job training are important concerns that were not given sufficient attention in the 1993 World Bank study The East Asian Miracle. This present volume offers many insights of interest to policy-makers and specialists with regard to developing (and transitional) economies.

Advances in technological innovations, automation, and the latest developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the nature of work and created a demand for a new set of skills to navigate the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). Therefore, it is necessary to equip displaced workers with a new set of skills that are essential for conversion into technical or other functional areas of business. Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution is an essential research publication that recognizes the need to revitalize human capital formation for graduate employability in Industry 4.0 and discusses new skills and competencies needed to cope with the challenges present within this industrial revolution. The book seeks to provide a basis for curriculum design in line with the advances in technological innovations, automation, and artificial intelligence to enhance current and future employment. Featuring an array of topics such as curriculum design, emotional intelligence, and healthcare, this book is ideal for human resource managers, development specialists, training officers, teachers, universities, practitioners, academicians, researchers, managers, policymakers, and students.

The entire planet looks to Asian and other emerging markets to sustain growth momentum as traditional markets in the USA and Europe struggle with the slow and arduous processes of deleveraging after the global financial crisis. At the same time, there is growing recognition in Asia that the sources of growth must shift to sustain their own growth momentum in the years ahead. Heavy reliance on the region’s high savings rates and plentiful supplies of low-cost labour will have to shift towards increasing the human capital embodied in more educated and skilled labour forces capable of contributing to productivity growth and innovation as future drivers of growth. Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Asia and the Pacific focuses on why and how countries are making this shift. The demographic transition is shown to be a significant factor as ageing populations in Japan, South Korea and China manage declining growth in the labour force by stepping up investments in education, and by changing policies and institutions. Lessons to be learned from these experiences by more youthful populations in Southeast Asia are explored. In addition, attention is paid to the consequences of cross-border differentials in technical knowledge and the quantity and quality of human capital. Several implications for public policy and for international cooperation on human-capital issues in the Asian region are identified. The chapters in this volume are edited versions of papers presented at the 35th Pacific Trade and Development conference held in Vancouver, Canada, in June 2012. The conference goal was to better understand how governments and business in Asia and the Pacific can apply the key insight that one of the reasons economies grow is because of human-capital formation – the quality and diversity of the labour force are augmented – not just because the labour force grows in size. Students of Asia’s growth prospects will find several aspects of this volume of particular value. It includes chapters on the big-picture conceptual and measurement issues; on country experiences in meeting the imperatives of the demographic transition and investing in education and skills training; and on country experiences with attracting foreign knowledge and the supply and recruitment of skills across borders in Asia and the Pacific. Policymakers will also find useful the discussions of policy implications and the menu of issues requiring intergovernmental cooperation within the Asian region.

Human Capital Formation in India Human capital formation in India refers to the process of investing in and developing the knowledge, skills, and capabilities of individuals through education, training, healthcare, and other social services. It is crucial for economic development, productivity growth, and enhancing the overall quality of life. Here are some key aspects of human capital formation in India: 1. Education and Skill Development: Primary and Secondary Education: Government initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) have focused on achieving universal elementary education. However, challenges such as quality of education, dropout rates, and regional disparities remain. Higher Education: India has a vast higher education system with institutions ranging from universities to technical institutes. Efforts like the National Skill Development Mission aim to enhance employability through vocational training and skill development. 2. Healthcare and Nutrition: Public Health Initiatives: Programs like the National Health Mission (NHM) and Ayushman Bharat aim to improve healthcare access, maternal and child health, and reduce disease burden. Nutrition Programs: Initiatives such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) address malnutrition and promote maternal and child health. 3. Employment and Labor Force Participation: Human capital development contributes to increasing the employability and productivity of the labour force, thereby driving economic growth. Challenges include underemployment, informal sector employment, and skill mismatches in the labour market. 4. Gender Equality and Social Inclusion: Promoting gender equality in education and employment is essential for harnessing the full potential of human capital. Initiatives like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) and various affirmative action policies aim to reduce gender disparities and promote social inclusion. 5. Challenges and Issues: Quality of Education and Healthcare: Disparities in access to quality education and healthcare services persist, particularly in rural and marginalized communities. Skill Development: Addressing skill gaps and aligning education with industry needs is crucial for enhancing workforce productivity. Health Outcomes: Improving healthcare infrastructure, addressing disease prevalence, and ensuring access to affordable healthcare are ongoing challenges. 6. Government Policies and Initiatives: The Indian government has implemented several policies and programs aimed at enhancing human capital, including the National Education Policy (NEP), Skill India Mission, and various healthcare initiatives. Public-private partnerships and international collaborations also play a significant role in human capital development. 7. Digital Literacy and Technological Skills: Promoting digital literacy and integrating technological skills into education and training programs are essential for preparing the workforce for the digital economy. Initiatives like Digital India aim to bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive growth. Conclusion: Investing in human capital formation is crucial for sustainable development and inclusive growth in India. While progress has been made in education, healthcare, and skill development, addressing challenges related to quality, accessibility, and inclusivity remains imperative. Continued efforts in policy formulation, resource allocation, and implementation of effective programs are essential for maximizing the potential of India's human capital and ensuring equitable socio-economic development across the country.

The evolution of inequality and its causes are of crucial importance to all scholars working in the social sciences. By focusing on the divergent development of North America and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Camps-Cura offers a comparative perspective of the relationship between human capital expansion and inequality in the long run. The book also explores the variables of education and inequality on children, work and gender.

The analysis and implementation of effective human resources strategies creates opportunities for organizational success. By utilizing such intangible assets, businesses can gain competitive advantage and enhance productivity. Strategic Human Capital Development and Management in Emerging Economies is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly research on the intersection of globalization, organizational behavior, and human capital management in the context of developing nations. Covering a range of business-oriented topics, such as job proficiency, corporate social responsibility, and burnout syndrome, this book is ideally designed for managers, researchers, academics, professionals, and graduate students interested in sustainable management of human behavior in modern organizations.

Asia continues to ascend as an economic powerhouse and a strategic priority for business leaders around the world, yet there is often limited understanding of the human capital systems that fuel the economic engines of the region. This book brings together the perspectives from economics, sociology, and management to highlight the business implications of human capital development in Asia. This book provides new insights on human capital systems in Asia by considering the country context through a 'Human Capital Ecosystem' framework. Applying this framework, constituent outline, and comparable points across each of the countries in Asia, Smith translates national policies into insights on the drivers, challenges, and opportunities in individual countries. Each chapter also draws out clear business and HR implications based on the above framework and analysis. While Asia continues to be a critical priority for businesses, there is limited understanding on how to manage and navigate the human capital systems in each of the region’s diverse countries. This book will serve as a helpful reference for managers or supplemental study guide for graduate students working to understand how to execute business strategy in major economies of Asia.