Even though this study was primarily on human traffi cking and prostitution among Edo women and girls of Edo state in Nigeria, human traffi cking, however, is a widespread, visible phenomenon in the world today. It is a global problem. A report from United Nations Offi ce on Drug and Crime in 2014 says that human traffi cking involves over three million people in the world, bringing their slaveholders an annual profi t of 32 billion dollars. According to the same report, there is no place in the world where children, women, and men are safe from human traffi cking. In the background, the stark reality of poverty, unemployment, social marginalization, political crises, wars, interethnic confl icts, and the militarization of entire territories has increased the massive displacements of the population, fuelling the illegal sex trade linked to them. Many youngsters who desire to improve their living conditions and those of their families fl eeing their homes often become prey to criminal organizations who take advantage of them, exploit them, and dehumanize them. Little do they know when they are leaving their homes to go to overseas, what is waiting for them is often something altogether diff erent, namely intimidation, blackmail, violence, nightmare, and slavery that strip them of all dignity and respect. To make matters worse, most of the victims and their families not only lose credibility but are also ostracized by their local communities when what happened comes to light. Th erefore, the victims of this painful chain are not only young girls and boys but also families. Unfortunately, some parents, especially mothers, have also been perpetrators of this deplorable crime. Th ey push their daughters into the arms of their torturers, lulled by the dream of a brighter future. To stop and to prevent the reoccurence of this criminal network of complicity, which has been more or less voluntary, conscious and unconscious, a joint commitment by all governments, organizations, local communities, and individuals is necessary. Everyone needs to remember and never forget that every human being, every person has been created and procreated in the image and likeness of God and is a subject of essential rights, which should never be violated but rather should be respected and upheld by everyone in every time and place.

This book explores the disturbing dimensions of the problem of insecurity in Nigeria, such as herdsmen violence, the Boko Haram insurgency, cybercrime, militancy in the Niger Delta, communal conflict and violence, as well as police corruption. It offers a comprehensive discussion of the theoretical foundations of internal security, the threats to internal security, the role of formal and informal agencies in internal security management and the challenges of internal security management.

This book describes the nature of trafficking in persons in West Africa, focusing on labor and sexual exploitation in the region, and recommends tailor-made solutions established by the Catholic Church in light of governmental authorities’ failure to effectively combat this scourge of humanity. While states’ efforts to fulfill their international obligations in developing anti-trafficking legislations are recognized, their failure to carry out prosecutions of offenders and ensure protection of the victims reveals that law alone is not a sufficient instrument for realizing human rights and improving people’s lives. Faced with the sobering background of less than successful efforts by governmental entities to end the trade in humans, this research study recommends adopting essential elements of Catholic social teaching, which rests on the inherent dignity of human beings allowing the development of political, socio-cultural, and religious reforms that will increase the effectiveness of existing legislation designed to combat trafficking. This faith-based approach highlights the role that religion may play in fulfilling the discretionary provisions of the Palermo Protocol by promoting the welfare and protecting the life and dignity of the victims. Additionally, religion is composed of sound moral ethics that determine people's behavior to refrain from the sinful conduct of trafficking. It also creates a sense of ethical responsibility that promotes supply chain transparency and ethical purchasing as well as advocating social reforms and anti-trafficking legislations initiatives. In fact, the author's approach, may be a model for other regions in the world and will be of interest to scholars, law and policy makers, human rights advocates and law enforcement agents working in the field of trafficking in persons.

Examines the impact of the Stockholm Agenda on the work of a variety of actors in overcoming the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Highlights the successes and difficulties faced in implementing the Agenda and provides country reports on progress made.

Case studies explore how women’s rights shape state responses to sex trafficking and show how politically empowering women can help prevent and combat human trafficking Human trafficking for the sex trade is a form of modern-day slavery that ensnares thousands of victims each year, disproportionately affecting women and girls. While the international community has developed an impressive edifice of human rights law, these laws are not equally recognized or enforced by all countries. Sex Trafficking and Human Rights demonstrates that state responsiveness to human trafficking is shaped by the political, social, cultural, and economic rights afforded to women in that state. While combatting human trafficking is a multiscalar problem with a host of conflating variables, this book shows that a common theme in the effectiveness of state response is the degree to which women and girls are perceived as, and actually are, full citizens. By analyzing human trafficking cases in India, Thailand, Russia, Nigeria, and Brazil, they shed light on the factors that make some women and girls more susceptible to traffickers than others. This important book is both a call to understanding and a call to action: if the international community and state governments are to responsibly and effectively combat human trafficking, they must center the equality of women in national policy.

Since the 2005 publication of the highly acclaimed first edition of Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered, human trafficking has become virtually a household phrase. This new edition adds vitally important updates related to recent developments. A new introduction considers the term 'sex trafficking' and its growing use amongst feminist researchers. In a new chapter Ratna Kapur looks at changes in anti-trafficking legislation especially under the Obama administration. Jyoti Sanghera reports from her experience as a UN Human Rights commissioner and Bandana Pattanaik examines feminist participatory research on 'trafficking'. The book concludes with a list of relevant websites, organisations, and publications useful for students, researchers, and activists.

Unmaking Migrants engages critical questions about preventing trafficking by preventing migration through a study of a shelter for trafficking victims in Lagos, Nigeria. Over the past fifteen years, antitrafficking personnel have stopped thousands of women from traveling out of Nigeria and instead sent them to the federal counter-trafficking agency for investigation, protection, and rehabilitation. Government officials defend this form of intervention as preemptive, having intercepted the women before any abuses take place. Yet many of the women protest their detention, insist they were not being trafficked, and demand to be released. As Stacey Vanderhurst argues, migration can be a freely made choice. Unmaking Migrants shows the moments leading up to the migration choice, and it shows how well-intentioned efforts to help women considering these paths often don't address their real needs at all.

This definitive reference assembles the current knowledge base on the scope and phenomena of sex trafficking as well as best practices for treatment of its survivors. A global feminist framework reflects a profound understanding of the entrenched social inequities and ongoing world events that fuel trafficking, including in its lesser-known forms. Empirically sound insights shed salient light on who buyers and traffickers are, why some survivors become victimizers, and the experiences of victim subpopulations (men, boys, refugees, sexual minorities), as well as emerging trends in prevention and protection, resilience and rehabilitation. These powerful dispatches also challenge readers to consider complex questions found at the intersections of gender, race, socioeconomic status, and politics. A sampling of topics in the Handbook: · An organizational systems view of sex trafficking. · Vulnerability factors when women and girls are trafficked. · Men, boys, and LGBTQ: invisible victims of human trafficking. · Organized crime, gangs, and trafficking. · Human trafficking prevention efforts for kids (NEST). · Treating victims of human trafficking: core therapeutic tasks. · From Trafficked to Safe House (C-SAFE). The Handbook of Sex Trafficking will interest a wide professional audience, particularly mental health workers, legal professionals, and researchers in these and related fields. Public health and law enforcement professionals will also find it an important resource.