U.S. private entities considering adoption of International Standards for Small- and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) need to understand how the new standards will modify financial reporting. However, there has been no determination of the significance of the financial statement impact of changing from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) to IFRS for SMEs. Without this knowledge, private entities in the United States will not be able to make an informed decision as to the benefits or consequences of adopting IFRS for SMEs. Based on stakeholder theory, this study sought to determine how adoption of IFRS for SMEs would affect the financial reporting of U.S. private entities. Using identified reporting differences between the 2 sets of standards, hypothetical 2010 IFRS for SMEs’ financial statements were prepared for 3 participating entities. Analysis of variation between the hypothetical IFRS for SMEs’ financial statements and the original U.S. GAAP financial statements provided a means to determine the financial reporting impact of IFRS for SMEs’ adoption. In each of the 3 case studies, adoption of IFRS for SMEs did not significantly influence the financial reporting of U.S private entities, indicating that the communication of financial information would be fundamentally the same using the simplified IFRS for SMEs or the more complex U.S. GAAP. The results of this study suggest that IFRS for SMEs should be considered an acceptable set of standards for the preparation of quality financial statements by U.S. private entities. This study positively contributes to social change by providing new knowledge to assist private companies in the evaluation of the adoption of IFRS for SMEs; such knowledge could, in turn, reduce financial reporting costs and improve the SMEs’ economic conditions.

International Accounting Standards (IAS) are a set of standards developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to provide a common global framework for financial reporting. These standards are designed to ensure consistency, transparency, and comparability in financial reporting across different countries and industries. IAS cover various aspects of financial reporting, including the presentation of financial statements, recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses, as well as disclosure requirements. They are used by companies listed on stock exchanges worldwide and are particularly important for multinational corporations operating in multiple jurisdictions. The goal of harmonizing accounting standards globally is to facilitate cross-border investments, enhance transparency and accountability, and improve the quality and reliability of financial information for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders. IAS cover various aspects of financial reporting, including: Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1): This standard outlines the overall structure and content of financial statements, including the requirements for balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, and statements of changes in equity. Recognition and Measurement of Assets, Liabilities, Income, and Expenses: Several IAS address the recognition, measurement, and presentation of specific types of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. For example, IAS 16 covers property, plant, and equipment, while IAS 38 deals with intangible assets. Disclosure Requirements: IAS include requirements for disclosing certain information in financial statements to provide users with a better understanding of an entity's financial position, performance, and cash flows. Disclosure requirements cover areas such as accounting policies, significant accounting estimates, related party transactions, and contingencies. Consolidated Financial Statements (IAS 27 and IAS 28): These standards provide guidance on the preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities or has significant influence over them. Financial Instruments (IAS 32, IAS 39, and IFRS 9): These standards address the recognition, measurement, and presentation of various types of financial instruments, including financial assets, financial liabilities, and derivatives. The adoption of International Accounting Standards, particularly International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), has become increasingly widespread globally. Many countries require or permit the use of IAS/IFRS for financial reporting by publicly traded companies, while others use them as a basis for developing their national accounting standards. Overall, the aim of International Accounting Standards is to enhance the quality, comparability, and transparency of financial reporting, thereby facilitating investment decisions, reducing information asymmetry, and promoting economic growth and stability on a global scale.

Understanding reporting standards issued by the IASB is essential for those who prepare and/or interpret financial statements and are required to comply with the increasingly complex set of international accounting and financial reporting standards. The International Accounting/Financial Reporting Standards Guide is your survival handbook in today's global economy. It keeps you up-to-date on the latest general and industry-specific international reporting standards and the proposed changes on your immediate horizon that will most likely alter the way in which you must account for and disclose information.

Presents complex materials in a clear and understandable manner. Incorporating the latest accounting standards and presenting the most up-to-date accounting theory from the top academic journals in accounting and finance throughout the world.

The harmonization of company law has always been on the agenda of the European Union. Besidesthe protection of third parties affected by business transactions, the founders had two other objectives: first, promoting freedom of establishment, and second, preventing the abuse of such freedom. The European Commission issued its Company Law Action Plan in 2003. In this volume researchers of the Jan Ronse Institute for Company Law of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven present five chapters on the main priorities of the Action Plan: capital and creditor protection,corporate governance, one share one vote, financial reporting, and corporate mobility. The book also includes responses and ensuing discussions by reputed European company law experts.

The recent relaunch of the European Commission’s Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) project promises a sorely needed leap forward in the harmonization of the rules by which companies calculate their taxable profits. In particular, the initiative hopes to remedy the severe barrier to cross-border business caused by the ‘the accounting Tower of Babel’ by which companies’ tax bases are determined under national law. This thorough analysis and commentary covers the influence of accounting rules on tax, considering both generally accepted standards – international accounting standards (IAS) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS) – and EU Directive 2013/34. Three introductory chapters usher in detailed comparative overviews of the effect of these rules on taxation in nine EU Member States as well as in two other major EU trading partners, the United States and Brazil. Fully explaining the remarkable recent improvement in the comparability of accounts that represent favourable preconditions for creating a single market for financial services within the EU, this book covers every relevant detail, including the following and much more: – criterion of evaluation of alternative fixed assets based on revaluated amounts; – criterion based on fair value; – provisions applicable to income statements, notes, reports, and financial statements; – rules applicable to the publication of documents; – transparency in payments to governments; – dispositions on exemptions; – hierarchy of general provisions and principles; – balance sheet and profit and loss account; – simplifications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); – system of creditors’ protection; and – protection of investors’ interests. This book is a peerless explication of the taxation choices granted to Member States under IAS/IFRS and EU Directive 2013/34 and how they will be affected by ongoing Commission initiatives. Because relevant, timely, reliable, and comparable information assumes a leading role in protecting the interests of investors, creditors, and other stakeholders, as well as in ensuring that all operators act on a level playing field under equal conditions, the analysis presented here is of immeasurable value to lawyers, business persons, and officials concerned with taxation, not only in Europe but anywhere within the reach of international trade.

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: This case study deals with an important financial aspect of multinational companies, i.e. their obligation of accounting. Until the year 2000, BMW used to prepare its annual external audits under German Commercial Code Standards (HGB). This tradition ended in 2000, when BMW accounted under International Accounting Standards (IAS) for the first time. 7 years before, Mercedes-Benz was the first German automotive manufacturer adopting international Standards in 1993. But in Mercedes case US-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US-GAAP) were chosen, because the objective was to become listed at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). At this time US-GAAP were not accepted outside the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), esp. not by the EU Commission, but the US-Principles were applied in the largest and most important stock market worldwide. On the other hand, US organizations like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) did not accept any other accounting standards in these days. Accordingly, Mercedes-Benz had to prepare two annual audits: one under US-GAAP and the other under HGB. This treatment, obviously, was highly inefficient, providing lots of encumbrances to US-capital-seeking European companies: accounting and auditing took too much time, personnel resources and money. Another negative effect was that many US companies hesitated with urgently required investments in Europe. But nevertheless, multinational groups seemed to have several advantages by using international accounting standards, even if they had to prepare more than one audit annually. Within the 1st part, this case study provides basic information dealing with accounting standards, in particular reasons and objectives, organizational patterns and the process of IAS becoming international accepted by pointing out their most important differences compared to US-GAAP and German HGB Standards. The 2nd part deals with the reasons of changing BMW s accounting standards by looking at the Group s key markets and the impact of IAS-adoption by examining their figures of non current assets, inventories, other current assets, liabilities & deferred incomes, provisions, equity as well as research & development within a four years comparison. At last the 3rd part gives an examination and summary of the results of IAS-reception for BMW, the effects on the stock market, changes of rating on the global market and gives hints to future [...]

The third edition of this well-received book is fully updated to equip the students and practitioners with International Accounting Standards in the form of IAS, IFRS, and the Indian Accounting Standards, Ind AS, and other related regulations for financial reporting and disclosure. Written in sync with the changing accounting practices the world over, this text book provides a comprehensive coverage of the core concepts and scope of International Accounting and their applications; added with a detailed discussion on the core concept and branches of International Financial Management which has gained significant importance in the globalized business world. This book also traces the genesis of International Accounting, and discusses at length topics like foreign currency translation, consolidation of foreign financial statements, accounting for price level changes, harmonization of accounting practices, transfer pricing, foreign financial statement analysis, interim and segment reporting, international taxation, exchange rate forecasting, and measurement and management of foreign exchange exposure. NEW TO THIS EDITION • Explains International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and its implementations. • Incorporates the latest changes in IFRS, including the new additions to the list of IFRS, such as IFRS 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. • Covers Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). KEY FEATURES • Comparative analyses in line with IFRS, Ind AS, and US GAAP. • Systematic and tabular form of presentation of discussions/concepts and ideas for better comprehension and clear understanding. • Large number of worked-out illustrations and examples provided in each chapter that too in a graded manner in terms of intensity to illustrate the concepts. TARGET AUDIENCE • M.Com / MFC / MBA / CA / CS / ICMAI