Acts as single source reference providing readers with an overview of how computer vision can contribute to the different applications in the field of road transportation This book presents a survey of computer vision techniques related to three key broad problems in the roadway transportation domain: safety, efficiency, and law enforcement. The individual chapters present significant applications within those problem domains, each presented in a tutorial manner, describing the motivation for and benefits of the application, and a description of the state of the art. Key features: Surveys the applications of computer vision techniques to road transportation system for the purposes of improving safety and efficiency and to assist law enforcement. Offers a timely discussion as computer vision is reaching a point of being useful in the field of transportation systems. Available as an enhanced eBook with video demonstrations to further explain the concepts discussed in the book, as well as links to publically available software and data sets for testing and algorithm development. The book will benefit the many researchers, engineers and practitioners of computer vision, digital imaging, automotive and civil engineering working in intelligent transportation systems. Given the breadth of topics covered, the text will present the reader with new and yet unconceived possibilities for application within their communities.

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled " Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)". These works address problems of mobility, environmental pollution, and road safety, as well as their related applications. The presented problems are complex and involve a large number of research areas and many advanced technologies, such as communication, sensing, and control, which are used for managing a large amount of information. The applications vary and include fleet management, driving behavior, traffic control, trajectory planning, connected vehicles, and energy consumption efficiency. Recent advances in communication technologies are becoming fundamental for the development of new advances in fleet management, traffic control, and connected vehicles. This works collected in this Special Issue propose solution methodologies to address such challenges, analyze the proposed methodologies, and evaluate their performance. This book brings together a collection of multidisciplinary works applied to ITS applications in a coherent manner.

The book provides a systematic overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). First, it includes an insight into the reference architectures developed within the main EU research projects. Then, it delves into each of the layers of such architectures, from physical to application layer, describing the technological issues which are being currently faced by some of the most important ITS research groups. The book concludes with some end user services and applications deployed by industrial partners. This book is a well-balanced combination of academic contributions and industrial applications in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The most representative technologies and research results achieved by some of the most relevant research groups working on ITS, collated to show the chances of generating industrial solutions to be deployed in real transportation environments.

Human-Machine Interaction and IoT Applications for a Smarter World explores the futuristic trends at the cutting edge of study and research on Human-Machine Interaction (HMI), which is also known as Human-Computer Interface (HCI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) by featuring applications in a proficient, adaptable, and manageable way. It covers the mainstays of the IoT world through a thorough description of the present advancements, systems, and structures. This book: Discusses algorithms and design methodologies for the implementation of HMI based IoT systems. Covers real-time utility of IoT-based devices and systems. Provides human-machine interactive technologies and smart applications using IoT. Covers cyber-physical systems and IoT in HMI, using a blend of theoretical knowledge with a practical approach. It also covers important concepts including smart grid and energy consumption monitoring, smart vehicular and transportation systems, smart home automation, automatic identification systems, supervisory control and data acquisition systems, designing and integrating heterogeneous Human-Machine interactions, virtual and augmented reality, natural language processing, computer vision, and automatic speech recognition. This text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in areas including electrical, electronics, and communications engineering, as well as computer science.

Learn the fundamental algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks Advances in wireless networking and mobile communication technologies, coupled with the proliferation of portable computers, have led to development efforts for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. This book focuses on several aspects of wireless ad hoc networks, particularly algorithmic methods and distributed computing with mobility and computation capabilities. It covers everything readers need to build a foundation for the design of future mobile ad hoc networks: Establishing an efficient communication infrastructure Robustness control for network-wide broadcast The taxonomy of routing algorithms Adaptive backbone multicast routing The effect of inference on routing Routing protocols in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks Transport layer protocols ACK-thinning techniques for TCP in MANETs Power control protocols Power saving in solar powered WLAN mesh networks Reputation and trust-based systems Vehicular ad hoc networks Cluster interconnection in 802.15.4 beacon enabled networks The book is complemented with a set of exercises that challenge readers to test their understanding of the material. Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is appropriate as a self-study guide for electrical engineers, computer engineers, network engineers, and computer science specialists. It also serves as a valuable supplemental textbook in computer science, electrical engineering, and network engineering courses at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.

A unified view of the use of computer vision technology for different types of vehicles Computer Vision in Vehicle Technology focuses on computer vision as on-board technology, bringing together fields of research where computer vision is progressively penetrating: the automotive sector, unmanned aerial and underwater vehicles. It also serves as a reference for researchers of current developments and challenges in areas of the application of computer vision, involving vehicles such as advanced driver assistance (pedestrian detection, lane departure warning, traffic sign recognition), autonomous driving and robot navigation (with visual simultaneous localization and mapping) or unmanned aerial vehicles (obstacle avoidance, landscape classification and mapping, fire risk assessment). The overall role of computer vision for the navigation of different vehicles, as well as technology to address on-board applications, is analysed. Key features: Presents the latest advances in the field of computer vision and vehicle technologies in a highly informative and understandable way, including the basic mathematics for each problem. Provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the art computer vision techniques in vehicles from the navigation and the addressable applications points of view. Offers a detailed description of the open challenges and business opportunities for the immediate future in the field of vision based vehicle technologies. This is essential reading for computer vision researchers, as well as engineers working in vehicle technologies, and students of computer vision.

This SpringerBrief begins by introducing the concept of smartphone sensing and summarizing the main tasks of applying smartphone sensing in vehicles. Chapter 2 describes the vehicle dynamics sensing model that exploits the raw data of motion sensors (i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope) to give the dynamic of vehicles, including stopping, turning, changing lanes, driving on uneven road, etc. Chapter 3 detects the abnormal driving behaviors based on sensing vehicle dynamics. Specifically, this brief proposes a machine learning-based fine-grained abnormal driving behavior detection and identification system, D3, to perform real-time high-accurate abnormal driving behaviors monitoring using the built-in motion sensors in smartphones. As more vehicles taking part in the transportation system in recent years, driving or taking vehicles have become an inseparable part of our daily life. However, increasing vehicles on the roads bring more traffic issues including crashes and congestions, which make it necessary to sense vehicle dynamics and detect driving behaviors for drivers. For example, sensing lane information of vehicles in real time can be assisted with the navigators to avoid unnecessary detours, and acquiring instant vehicle speed is desirable to many important vehicular applications. Moreover, if the driving behaviors of drivers, like inattentive and drunk driver, can be detected and warned in time, a large part of traffic accidents can be prevented. However, for sensing vehicle dynamics and detecting driving behaviors, traditional approaches are grounded on the built-in infrastructure in vehicles such as infrared sensors and radars, or additional hardware like EEG devices and alcohol sensors, which involves high cost. The authors illustrate that smartphone sensing technology, which involves sensors embedded in smartphones (including the accelerometer, gyroscope, speaker, microphone, etc.), can be applied in sensing vehicle dynamics and driving behaviors. Chapter 4 exploits the feasibility to recognize abnormal driving events of drivers at early stage. Specifically, the authors develop an Early Recognition system, ER, which recognize inattentive driving events at an early stage and alert drivers timely leveraging built-in audio devices on smartphones. An overview of the state-of-the-art research is presented in chapter 5. Finally, the conclusions and future directions are provided in Chapter 6.

This book comprehensively reviews the cyber security and privacy issues in transportation cyber-physical systems (TCPSs). It examines theories and various state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies. Starting with a survey of the latest solutions in TCPSs, it introduces a smart-transport-system architecture design based on cyber-physical systems. It then discusses in detail the principles and metrics of evaluating safety and privacy in TCPSs and elaborates the verification and analysis of secure, robust and trustworthy TCPSs. Moreover, it demonstrates the advanced and novel tools commonly used in practice by several researchers. Lastly it provides an exhaustive case study on the authentication and attestation in TCPSs. This book is of interest not only to readers in the field of TCPSs, but also to those in interdisciplinary fields, such as energy, healthcare, bio-engineering etc.

This book presents a comprehensive coverage of the five fundamental yet intertwined pillars paving the road towards the future of connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The connectivity pillar covers all the latest advancements and various technologies on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications/networking and vehicular cloud computing, with special emphasis on their role towards vehicle autonomy and smart cities applications. On the other hand, the autonomy track focuses on the different efforts to improve vehicle spatiotemporal perception of its surroundings using multiple sensors and different perception technologies. Since most of CAVs are expected to run on electric power, studies on their electrification technologies, satisfaction of their charging demands, interactions with the grid, and the reliance of these components on their connectivity and autonomy, is the third pillar that this book covers. On the smart services side, the book highlights the game-changing roles CAV will play in future mobility services and intelligent transportation systems. The book also details the ground-breaking directions exploiting CAVs in broad spectrum of smart cities applications. Example of such revolutionary applications are autonomous mobility on-demand services with integration to public transit, smart homes, and buildings. The fifth and final pillar involves the illustration of security mechanisms, innovative business models, market opportunities, and societal/economic impacts resulting from the soon-to-be-deployed CAVs. This book contains an archival collection of top quality, cutting-edge and multidisciplinary research on connected autonomous electric vehicles and smart cities. The book is an authoritative reference for smart city decision makers, automotive manufacturers, utility operators, smart-mobility service providers, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, vehicle charging providers, university professors, researchers, and students who would like to learn more about the advances in CAEVs connectivity, autonomy, electrification, security, and integration into smart cities and intelligent transportation systems.