Adopting a view of utilitarian ethics in which motivation in the public interest takes on greater weight than is generally appreciated, this book explores the extent to which the philosophy of Immanuel Kant is consistent with this nuanced version of utilitarianism. Kant’s requirement that full ethical merit needs an agent to act purely ‘from duty’ to forward ‘the universal end of happiness’ rather than from a personal inclination to achieve that end clearly distinguishes his position from the version of utilitarian ethics adopted here. But this book also demonstrates, by reference to his formal ethical works and his lectures on ethics and anthropology, Kant’s approval of a secondary category of conduct – conduct ‘in conformity with’ duty – entailing other-regarding or ‘sympathetic’ motivation to advance general happiness, differing from the utilitarian position only in its meriting a qualified degree of ethical credit. After comparing Kant with eighteenth-century utilitarian writers from Locke to Smith, and also with Bentham and Malthus, the book evaluates reactions to Kant by J.S. Mill and Karl Marx and proposes Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) as a ‘precursor’ for maintaining a ‘Kantian’ doctrine of conduct ‘from duty’ and for other shared features. In terms of public policy, the work demonstrates Kant’s justification of poor relief and reduced inequality, his proposal for a state education plan and his opposition to paternalism. This book provides essential reading for academic specialists and students concerned with the interface of political economy and ethics, as well as the history of economic thought, history of political thought and intellectual history.

In this landmark volume, Samuel Hollander presents a fresh and compelling history of moral philosophy from Locke to John Stuart Mill, showing that a ‘moral sense’ can actually be considered compatible with utilitarianism. The book also explores the link between utilitarianism and distributive justice. Hollander engages in close textual exegesis of the works relating to individual authors, while never losing sight of the intellectual relationships between them. Tying together the greatest of the British moral philosophers, this volume reveals an unexpected unity of eighteenth and nineteenth century ethical doctrine at both the individual and social level. Essential reading for advanced students and researchers of the history of economic thought, political economy, history of ethics, history of political thought and intellectual history.

Table of contents

If human biological evolution is part of our worldview, then how do commonplace notions of ethics fit in? To ask the question, “what does evolution imply about ethics?” we must first be clear about what we mean by evolution. Evolution and the Foundations of Ethics discusses four models of evolution, represented by Darwin, Dawkins, Gould, and Haught. We must also be clear about what we mean by ethics. Do we mean metaethics? If so, which variety? With metaethical theories (such as Error Theory, Expressivism, Moral Relativism, and Moral Realism), theorists are attempting to explain the general nature, status, and origins of ethics. In the first four chapters of this book (Part I), John Mizzoni examines how metaethical theories fit with evolution. Next, in asking about the implications of evolution for ethics,do we mean normative ethics? Theorists who work with normative ethical theories—such as Virtue Ethics, Natural Law Ethics, Social Contract Ethics, Utilitarian Ethics, Deontological Ethics, and Ethics of Care)—articulate and defend a normative ethics that people can and do use in a practical way when deliberating about specific actions, rules, and policies. The next six chapters (Part II) look at how normative ethical theories fit with evolution. A full reckoning of ethics and evolution demands that we consider the range of ethical elements, both metaethical and normative. Thus, this book looks at what several different models of evolution imply about four metaethical theories and six normative ethical theories. This book will be of interest to scholars interested in the intersection of evolutionary theory and ethical theory.

Drawing on a wide range of Hegel’s writings, this book analyses the Hegelian position on ethical action. This position is systematically compared with that of Immanuel Kant, the comparison emphasizing Hegel’s insistence on a morality grounded in an ‘ethical’ context which essentially refers to the state rather than the agent’s private will. The argument proceeds to the relationship between the state and the various components of civil society, and to the interaction between the state and the individual, and feeds into the debate regarding Hegel’s status in relation to Utilitarian Ethics and liberalism. This book carries further the researches published in A History of Utilitarian Ethics and Immanuel Kant and Utilitarian Ethics and will be of interest to readers in the history of political economy, political science, philosophy and ethics.

Most public finance books are texts, which are aimed at undergraduate or graduate students. They are overly technical in nature and appeal only to a narrow range of bureaucrats and academics. Books on taxation are written for tax practitioners and usually emphasize either what the law is or how to maneuver through the labyrinth of tax law to minimize taxes for clients. Philosophy books on taxation or public finance simply do not exist. The Philosophy of Taxation and Public Finance is different. It is written in nontechnical language and is aimed to appeal to a wide range of readers, including practitioners, academics and students in the fields of taxation, public finance, economics, law, philosophy and political science as well as general readers who are interested in learning why they are being taxed the way they are. The author addresses the major issues and topics in taxation and public finance and injects them with philosophical insights. He discusses questions such as: -What arguments have been used to justify taxation? -When is tax evasion unethical? -Are some taxes better than others? -What are the proper functions of government? -How much is enough? Is the ability to pay concept valid? -When can punitive taxes be justified?

Theory meets intellectual history in this new and expanded edition of International Relations Theory. Long known for its concise presentation of the various images and interpretive understandings of how to approach the complexity of international politics, this edition devotes a significant portion of the book to the intellectual precursors who have informed current perspectives on international relations. The discussion moves well beyond the usual cannon of Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes by linking them and other writers to present-day IR theory—realism, liberalism, economic structuralism, and English School images; as well as constructivist, feminist, postmodern, and critical theory lenses. This unique approach enhances our abilities to think conceptually and critically not only about how our 21st-century world of diverse state and non-state actors works, but also the implications of the changes we observe domestically and globally.

"This carefully edited volume is comprehensive in its scope, ranging from ethical considerations in research to the ethics of working with gays and lesbians in psychotherapy to ethical issues in the use of animals in research. The two dozen chapters are carefully and clearly written and provide useful guidelines for resolving important questions and issues. But at least as significant, this book encourages the reader to think deeply about the many complex issues that are inherent to the study of behavior and efforts to make changes in people′s lives. Sometimes unequivocal answers are elusive, but knowing what questions to ask surely enhances our scientific and applied efforts. A must read." - Gerald Davison, University of Southern California "The Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists provides a much needed review of the philosophical issues and unanswered questions raised by the Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association. This book will make an excellent textbook for ethics courses in the social sciences. The coverage of topics makes the book appropriate to address the current movement for Responsible Conduct of Research, a movement that is likely to result in requiring all university personnel to have proficiency in the ethics of research, mentoring, and scholarship." -Arthur C. Houts, University of Memphis The Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists provides comprehensive coverage of topics typically neglected in books on ethical issues in psychology. Rather than take ethical pronouncements as dogma not to be questioned but simply understood and observed, William T. O′Donohue and Kyle E. Ferguson encourage a questioning, critical attitude. Divided into four parts, this provocative text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational issues, professional issues, special topics, and special populations. A distinguished group of scholars and researchers examine Moral reasoning and the ethics of professional licensing Confidentiality in psychotherapy Fees and financial arrangements The termination and referral of clients The use of deception in research Ethnic minority issues Consent in the treatment and research of children The Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists considers the compatibility of science and morality. Challenging readers to question the fundamental philosophical values of professional psychology, the editors and contributors inspire the ethical impulse and encourage active moral leadership. An essential reference for professional and academic psychologists and counselors, the Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychologists is also an exceptional primary or supplementary reader for graduate students enrolled in courses on Ethics in Psychology and Ethics and Professional Concerns and for anyone considering the compatibility of science and morality.

Professor McNabb has produced an excellent overview of the management challenges facing public utilities in the 21st century. His description of the evolution, changes, and challenges of different types of utilities is insightful. What makes this book uniquely valuable is his addressing the variety of utility management responsibilities including human resources, information services, and strategic planning in a single volume. I recommend it highly. Jeffrey Showman, Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, US An introduction to the current issues and challenges facing managers and administrators in the investor and publicly owned utility industry, this engaging volume addresses management concerns in three sectors of the utility industry: electric power, natural gas, and water and wastewater systems. Beginning with a brief overview of the historical development of the industry, the author looks at policy issues and discusses management ethics. He then examines a number of the major challenges in these organizational functions: management and leadership, planning, marketing, accounting and finance, information technology, governance, and human resources. In the final section of the volume he looks at issues specific to each of the three industry sectors. Accessible and comprehensive, this thoughtful exploration of the various issues facing managers in public utilities in the new century will prove a useful overview for students of business and economics, utility staff, and directors of local utility governing boards.

The fourth edition of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics-the pioneering, original text- emphasizes children's assets and liabilities, not just categorical labels. It includes fresh perspectives from new editors-Drs. William Coleman, Ellen Elias, and Heidi Feldman, as well as further contributions from two of the original editors, William B. Carey, M.D, and Allen C. Crocker, M.D. This comprehensive resource offers information and guidance on normal development and behavior: genetic influences, the effect of general physical illness and psychosocial and biologic factors on development and behavior. It is also sufficiently scholarly and scientific to serve as a definitive reference for researchers, teachers, and consultants. With a more user-friendly design and online access through Expert Consult functionality, this resource offers easy access comprehensive guidance. Features new chapters dealing with genetic influences on development and behavior, crisis management, coping strategies, self-esteem, self-control, and inborn errors of metabolism to cover the considerable advances and latest developments in the field. Focuses on the clinical aspects of function and dysfunction, rather than arranging subjects according to categorical labels. Emphasizes children's assets as well as their liability so you get a well-developed approach to therapeutic management. Concludes each chapter with a summary of the principle points covered, with tables, pictures and diagrams to clarify and enhance the presentation. Offers a highly practical focus, emphasizing evaluation, counseling, medical treatment, and follow-up. Features superb photos and figures that illustrate a wide variety of concepts. Offers access to the full text online through Expert Consult functionality at www. expertconsult.com for convenient reference from any practice location. Features new chapters dealing with-Genetic Influences on Development and Behavior, Crisis Management, Coping Strategies, Self-Esteem, Self-Control, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Presents a new two-color design and artwork for a more visually appealing and accessible layout. Provides the latest drug information in the updated and revised chapters on psychopharmacology. Introduces Drs. William Coleman, Ellen Elias, and Heidi Feldman to the editorial team to provide current and topical guidance and enrich the range of expertise and clinical experience. Covers the considerable advances and latest developments in this subspecialty through updates and revisions to existing material. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. If the next edition is published less than one year after your purchase, you will be entitled to online access for one year from your date of purchase. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should online access to the web site be discontinued.