In recent years, the increase in knowledge about the functioning of the immune system has revealed not only its importance in the defense against external agents such as pathogens or toxins, but also in the control of tumor cells and the importance of the processes of inflammation or immunological tolerance. On the one hand, all this knowledge has allowed a better understanding of the putative pathogenic consequences of immune system dysfunction, which includes inflammatory, autoimmune and immunosuppressive diseases, among others. On the other hand, current knowledge about immunoregulation has paved the way to better prevent or control transplantation rejection. However, such mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation are highly variable depending on the type of pathology (systemic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, immunosuppression) and on characteristics of the host such as sex, genetics, nutritional status, etc. Given the wide variety of pathologies that are a consequence of excessive, inefficient or inadequate induction of immune responses, the study of factors involved in the dysregulation of the immune system has gained great attention during the last decades.

The systemic inflammatory response is evident in inflammatory diseases, and the immune system secretes many cytokines involved, resulting in a robust immune response. For example, the pathogenesis of sepsis includes abnormal immune cell activation in the early stages as well as sepsis-related immunosuppression. During the immunosuppressive phase, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Th17 cells, and γδ T cells are reduced while regulatory T cells increase. At the same time, T lymphocytes and neutrophils, as immune effector cells, interact with each other and play a key role in regulating the immune response to immune-inflammatory diseases. The increased release of neutrophil extracellular trap networks (NETs) by neutrophils leads to a significant upregulation of NETs-DNA-MPO, which further aggravates the septic inflammatory response and organ functional impairment. Therefore, it is important to deeply investigate the characteristic clinical immune phenotypes and molecular mechanisms associated with inflammatory diseases, and targeting therapies against them may provide new ideas for the precise treatment of diseases.

Clinical Immunology not only introduces the reader to the human immune system, it also covers immunology from clinical manifestation to therapeutic approaches in a wide range of conditions. Each chapter describes an introduction, the clinical manifestations, the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, lab tests and therapeutic approaches. The book guides clinicians, researchers and students to a better understanding of the matters of immunologic-based diseases that can lead to better decision-making for patients.Because of the growing knowledge regarding the function of immune system in health and disease conditions, clinicians, researchers and students increasingly require an exclusive scientific reference to guide them on matters of immunologic-based diseases. Accordingly, despite the existence of numerous high quality references in basic and cellular/molecular immunology which deeply explain different immunologic mechanisms, there is still a knowledge gap in the field of clinical immunology. Provides essentials, updates clinical knowledge regarding immune system diseases, and cover different aspects of clinical immunology, from immunopathogenesis and etiology to diagnosis and treatment Introduces the most advanced approaches and laboratory tests as well as their interpretation in the diagnosis of immune system disorders Focuses on the practical use of clinical immunology, from bedside to bench and vice versa

"Comprehensive Insights into Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: From Molecular Mechanisms to Holistic Management" is an exhaustive exploration of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), a chronic condition affecting millions worldwide. This treatise delves deep into the intricate biochemistry, genetics, and physiology underpinning T1DM, offering readers a detailed understanding of the disease's onset and progression. Beginning with a historical overview, the work traces the evolution of our understanding of diabetes, leading to the latest research and findings. The treatise meticulously examines the pancreatic structure and the pivotal role of insulin and glucagon, elucidating their complex interplay in glucose regulation. It further delves into the cellular mechanisms of glucose uptake and the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. A significant portion is dedicated to the autoimmune aspects of T1DM, discussing the genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Beyond the cellular and molecular dimensions, this work adopts a holistic approach to T1DM management. It encompasses nutritional therapies, herbal remedies, and the significance of mind-body medicine. Cutting-edge technological advancements in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery systems are thoroughly explored, offering a glimpse into the future of T1DM management. The treatise also underscores the psychological and social challenges faced by individuals with T1DM, emphasizing the importance of mental health, coping mechanisms, and robust support systems. With dedicated sections on pediatric T1DM, global health perspectives, and the latest in diabetes research, this treatise serves as an invaluable resource for medical professionals, researchers, patients, and anyone seeking an in-depth understanding of T1DM. Its comprehensive nature, combined with a clear and accessible writing style, ensures it stands out as a seminal work in the field of endocrinology.

Because aging is accompanied by a steady decline in resistance to infectious diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in the elderly is not only much more complex, but also often quite different from that for younger patients. In the second edition of Infectious Disease in the Aging: A Clinical Handbook, a panel of well known and highly experienced geriatric physicians and infectious disease experts review the most important common infections affecting the elderly and delineate their well-proven diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive techniques. Among the illnesses discussed are urinary tract infections, pneumonia, ocular infections, tuberculosis, and fungal and viral infections. In addition, there are detailed discussions of sepsis, infective endocarditis, intraabdominal infections, bacterial meningitis, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, and prosthetic device infections.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in immune system, as they are necessary both for innate and adaptive immunity. According to their function, dendritic cells can be classified in immune tolerogenic or inflammatory DCs. DCs have been shown to regulate T cell-mediated immune responses and lead to immune tolerance and autoimmunity. For example, immune-tolerogenic DCs facilitate the development of regulatory T cells and inhibit T helper 17-mediated autoimmunity in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Moreover, inflammatory DCs activate CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and elicit T cell-mediated inflammatory immune responses in vivo. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying DC-mediated immune tolerance and autoimmunity are still obscure.

Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

There has been a global rise in the incidence of chronic illnesses, which may be partially attributed to the lengthening of the average human lifespan. Functional foods and nutraceuticals have a potential role to play in the development and maintenance of health. They can assist the body in its battle against inflammation and chronic illnesses. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases addresses the effects and mechanism of functional foods in relation to chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. This volume, like the first volume Applications of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for Chronic Diseases, inspires new thought processes and a paradigm shift in research and development. Key Features: Discusses the molecular mechanism of action, the range of toxicities exerted by these food components for functional foods for addressing chronic conditions Enhances scientists and industrial personnel knowledge of functional foods and in the management of chronic diseases Presents research on the role of functional foods/nutraceuticals in preventing and treating chronic diseases through epigenetic modulation Explores various subjects such as epigenetics, immunological, metabolic, technological and neurodenerative aspects affected by functional foods in chronic diseases The world’s leading wellness centers for chronic diseases are using functional foods and nutraceuticals in their practice and discovering their useful applications, and this second of two volume set is another great reference for practitioners, scientists, and clinicians in the management of chronic diseases. Contributors hail from different geographical locations around the world and have many years of research and scholarly experience in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biology.