Applications of nanoparticles to the human life and tools in diagnosis and therapy in field of clinical medicine holds importance and has been an prime focus of biomedical and clinical research for quite sometime, though their application in veterinary medicine is a relatively new focus area of research. Prior to human applications, studies are initially conducted on animals models. Thus toxicity based studies and study of impact of nanoparticles on animal immune system finds importance. In the second volume of the book we discuss the immune system in animals across invertebrates and vertebrate phylas and discuss the impact of nanoparticles in animals life, health, survival and immune system. The book highlights the toxic effects of nanoparticles as environmental pollutants and their adverse impact on animal life forms. Both volumes are also included in a set ISBN 978-3-11-065666-4.

The study of neuroendocrine-immune interactions has become a highly visible and fast-growing segment of mainstream immunology. This book provides an overview of the immune system and in-depth coverage of the many different areas that make up neuroendocrine-immune research. The main emphasis is on the physiology of the processes involved, stressing an integrated approach to immunology. The text is organized in seven sections, beginning with an introduction to the immune system. Section II outlines how the central nervous system (CNS) communicates with central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Section III provides information on factors from the immune system that act as messengers to the CNS. The metabolic regulation of growth and development is discussed in Section IV. Section V examines the interactions occurring between the reproductive and immune systems. The effects of other physiologic stressors on immunity are reviewed in Section VI. Section VII considers cyclic and periodic influences on the immune system. Finally, there is a consideration of a new unifying theory for immunology. Students, researchers, clinicians, and veterinary scientists can discover new areas of interest in specific diseases and immune interactions in this novel presentation.

There hasn’t been a better time to be a drug developer for immune-based therapies than the past couple of decades. We have seen an explosion in immune-based therapies for cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and diseases and disorders of the nervous system. The modalities of these immune-based therapies span small molecules, biologics, and gene and cell therapeutic approaches. Significant advances have been made in optimizing drug design for its specificity for the target, characterizing the mode of action in in vitro assays, and ensuring safety and manufacturability. However, an area of challenge that remains is identifying animal models for evaluating efficacy and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationship that are predictive of drug effects in humans. Discussion on this topic is warranted as examples of failures of translation from animal models to humans provide us an opportunity to learn more about human biology.

Present in soil and water, humic substances are the most widespread organic compounds, naturally occurring from a physical, chemical, and microbiological transformation of biomolecules. They represent about 25% of the total organic carbon on the Earth and comprise up to 75% of the dissolved organic carbon in water, making them important for multiple environmental processes in both soil and aquatic systems. Despite many decades of extensive study, the formation mechanisms of humic substances are still a subject of discussion and controversy. This book examines the dynamics of humic substances, their physicochemical and biological properties, and methods for their extraction and characterization. The book also sheds light on recent advances and applications of humic substances in agriculture, environment, industry, and medicine.

This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Are environmental pollutants threatening the human immune system? Researchers are rapidly approaching definitive answers to this question, with the aid of biologic markersâ€"sophisticated assessment tools that could revolutionize detection and prevention of certain diseases. This volume, third in a series on biologic markers, focuses on the human immune system and its response to environmental toxicants. The authoring committee provides direction for continuing development of biologic markers, with strategies for applying markers to immunotoxicology in humans and recommended outlines for clinical and field studies. This comprehensive, up-to-date volume will be invaluable to specialists in toxicology and immunology and to biologists and investigators involved in the development of biologic markers.

Veterinary Technician's Manual for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care provides a comprehensive reference on emergency and critical care medicine for veterinary technicians of all skill levels. Beginning with information on initial patient assessment and triage, the first section covers shock and initial stabilization, venous access, monitoring, and cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation. A section on specific conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory emergencies is organized by system, with a final section highlighting select topics like anesthesia and analgesia, transfusion medicine, and critical care pharmacology. Case studies, review questions, and images are provided on a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/norkus. Coverage focuses on dogs and cats, with special considerations for handling exotic and avian emergencies covered in a dedicated chapter. This in-depth material in an easy-to-navigate format is an essential resource for veterinary technicians and assistants, emergency and critical care veterinary technician specialists, and veterinary technician students.