Infinite programming may be defined as the study of mathematical programming problems in which the number of variables and the number of constraints are both possibly infinite. Many optimization problems in engineering, operations research, and economics have natural formul- ions as infinite programs. For example, the problem of Chebyshev approximation can be posed as a linear program with an infinite number of constraints. Formally, given continuous functions f,gl,g2, ••• ,gn on the interval [a,b], we can find the linear combination of the functions gl,g2, ... ,gn which is the best uniform approximation to f by choosing real numbers a,xl,x2, •.. ,x to n minimize a t€ [a,b]. This is an example of a semi-infinite program; the number of variables is finite and the number of constraints is infinite. An example of an infinite program in which the number of constraints and the number of variables are both infinite, is the well-known continuous linear program which can be formulated as follows. T minimize ~ c(t)Tx(t)dt t b(t) , subject to Bx(t) + fo Kx(s)ds x(t) .. 0, t € [0, T] • If x is regarded as a member of some infinite-dimensional vector space of functions, then this problem is a linear program posed over that space. Observe that if the constraint equations are differentiated, then this problem takes the form of a linear optimal control problem with state IV variable inequality constraints.

Semi-infinite programming (SIP) deals with optimization problems in which either the number of decision variables or the number of constraints is finite. This book presents the state of the art in SIP in a suggestive way, bringing the powerful SIP tools close to the potential users in different scientific and technological fields. The volume is divided into four parts. Part I reviews the first decade of SIP (1962-1972). Part II analyses convex and generalised SIP, conic linear programming, and disjunctive programming. New numerical methods for linear, convex, and continuously differentiable SIP problems are proposed in Part III. Finally, Part IV provides an overview of the applications of SIP to probability, statistics, experimental design, robotics, optimization under uncertainty, production games, and separation problems. Audience: This book is an indispensable reference and source for advanced students and researchers in applied mathematics and engineering.

Semi-infinite programming (briefly: SIP) is an exciting part of mathematical programming. SIP problems include finitely many variables and, in contrast to finite optimization problems, infinitely many inequality constraints. Prob lems of this type naturally arise in approximation theory, optimal control, and at numerous engineering applications where the model contains at least one inequality constraint for each value of a parameter and the parameter, repre senting time, space, frequency etc., varies in a given domain. The treatment of such problems requires particular theoretical and numerical techniques. The theory in SIP as well as the number of numerical SIP methods and appli cations have expanded very fast during the last years. Therefore, the main goal of this monograph is to provide a collection of tutorial and survey type articles which represent a substantial part of the contemporary body of knowledge in SIP. We are glad that leading researchers have contributed to this volume and that their articles are covering a wide range of important topics in this subject. It is our hope that both experienced students and scientists will be well advised to consult this volume. We got the idea for this volume when we were organizing the semi-infinite pro gramming workshop which was held in Cottbus, Germany, in September 1996.

Semi-infinite programming is a natural extension of linear pro gramming that allows finitely many variables to appear in infinitely many constraints. As the papers in this collection will reconfirm, the theoretical and practical manifestations and applications of this prob lem formulation are abundant and significant. This volume presents 20 carefully selected papers that were pre sented at the International Symposium on Semi-Infinite Programming and Applications, The University of Texas at Austin, September 8-10, 1981. A total of 70 papers were presented by distinguished participants from 15 countries. This was only the second international meeting on this topic, the first taking place in Bad Honnef,Federal Republic of Germany in 1978. A proceedings of that conference was organized and edited by Rainer Hettich of the University of Trier and published by Springer Verlag in 1979. The papers in this volume could have been published in any of several refereed journals. It is also probable that the authors of these papers would normally not have met at the same professional society meeting. Having these papers appear under one cover is thus something of a new phenomenon and provides an indication of both the unification and cross-fertilization opportunities that have emerged in this field. These papers were solicited only through the collective efforts of an International Program Committee organized according to the fol lowing research areas.

Semi-infinite optimization is a vivid field of active research. Recently semi infinite optimization in a general form has attracted a lot of attention, not only because of its surprising structural aspects, but also due to the large number of applications which can be formulated as general semi-infinite programs. The aim of this book is to highlight structural aspects of general semi-infinite programming, to formulate optimality conditions which take this structure into account, and to give a conceptually new solution method. In fact, under certain assumptions general semi-infinite programs can be solved efficiently when their bi-Ievel structure is exploited appropriately. After a brief introduction with some historical background in Chapter 1 we be gin our presentation by a motivation for the appearance of standard and general semi-infinite optimization problems in applications. Chapter 2 lists a number of problems from engineering and economics which give rise to semi-infinite models, including (reverse) Chebyshev approximation, minimax problems, ro bust optimization, design centering, defect minimization problems for operator equations, and disjunctive programming.

This book presents a smooth and unified transitional framework from generalised fractional programming, with a finite number of variables and a finite number of constraints, to semi-infinite fractional programming, where a number of variables are finite but with infinite constraints. It focuses on empowering graduate students, faculty and other research enthusiasts to pursue more accelerated research advances with significant interdisciplinary applications without borders. In terms of developing general frameworks for theoretical foundations and real-world applications, it discusses a number of new classes of generalised second-order invex functions and second-order univex functions, new sets of second-order necessary optimality conditions, second-order sufficient optimality conditions, and second-order duality models for establishing numerous duality theorems for discrete minmax (or maxmin) semi-infinite fractional programming problems. In the current interdisciplinary supercomputer-oriented research environment, semi-infinite fractional programming is among the most rapidly expanding research areas in terms of its multi-facet applications empowerment for real-world problems, which may stem from many control problems in robotics, outer approximation in geometry, and portfolio problems in economics, that can be transformed into semi-infinite problems as well as handled by transforming them into semi-infinite fractional programming problems. As a matter of fact, in mathematical optimisation programs, a fractional programming (or program) is a generalisation to linear fractional programming. These problems lay the theoretical foundation that enables us to fully investigate the second-order optimality and duality aspects of our principal fractional programming problem as well as its semi-infinite counterpart.

In the late forties, Mathematical Programming became a scientific discipline in its own right. Since then it has experienced a tremendous growth. Beginning with economic and military applications, it is now among the most important fields of applied mathematics with extensive use in engineering, natural sciences, economics, and biological sciences. The lively activity in this area is demonstrated by the fact that as early as 1949 the first "Symposium on Mathe matical Programming" took place in Chicago. Since then mathematical programmers from all over the world have gath ered at the intfrnational symposia of the Mathematical Programming Society roughly every three years to present their recent research, to exchange ideas with their colleagues and to learn about the latest developments in their own and related fields. In 1982, the XI. International Symposium on Mathematical Programming was held at the University of Bonn, W. Germany, from August 23 to 27. It was organized by the Institut fUr Okonometrie und Operations Re search of the University of Bonn in collaboration with the Sonderforschungs bereich 21 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. This volume constitutes part of the outgrowth of this symposium and docu ments its scientific activities. Part I of the book contains information about the symposium, welcoming addresses, lists of committees and sponsors and a brief review about the Ful kerson Prize and the Dantzig Prize which were awarded during the opening ceremony.

For more than twenty years, serious C programmers have relied on one book for practical, in-depth knowledge of the programming interfaces that drive the UNIX and Linux kernels: W. Richard Stevens’ Advanced Programming in the UNIX® Environment. Now, once again, Rich’s colleague Steve Rago has thoroughly updated this classic work. The new third edition supports today’s leading platforms, reflects new technical advances and best practices, and aligns with Version 4 of the Single UNIX Specification. Steve carefully retains the spirit and approach that have made this book so valuable. Building on Rich’s pioneering work, he begins with files, directories, and processes, carefully laying the groundwork for more advanced techniques, such as signal handling and terminal I/O. He also thoroughly covers threads and multithreaded programming, and socket-based IPC. This edition covers more than seventy new interfaces, including POSIX asynchronous I/O, spin locks, barriers, and POSIX semaphores. Most obsolete interfaces have been removed, except for a few that are ubiquitous. Nearly all examples have been tested on four modern platforms: Solaris 10, Mac OS X version 10.6.8 (Darwin 10.8.0), FreeBSD 8.0, and Ubuntu version 12.04 (based on Linux 3.2). As in previous editions, you’ll learn through examples, including more than ten thousand lines of downloadable, ISO C source code. More than four hundred system calls and functions are demonstrated with concise, complete programs that clearly illustrate their usage, arguments, and return values. To tie together what you’ve learned, the book presents several chapter-length case studies, each reflecting contemporary environments. Advanced Programming in the UNIX® Environment has helped generations of programmers write code with exceptional power, performance, and reliability. Now updated for today’s systems, this third edition will be even more valuable.

In its first five years of existence, The Perl Journal ran 247 articles by over 120 authors. Every serious Perl programmer subscribed to it, and every notable Perl guru jumped at the opportunity to write for it. TPJ explained critical topics such as regular expressions, databases, and object-oriented programming, and demonstrated Perl's utility for fields as diverse as astronomy, biology, economics, AI, and games. The magazine gave birth to both the Obfuscated Perl Contest and the Perl Poetry contest, and remains a proud and timeless achievement of Perl during one of its most exciting periods of development.Computer Science and Perl Programming is the first volume of The Best of the Perl Journal, compiled and re-edited by the original editor and publisher of The Perl Journal, Jon Orwant. In this series, we've taken the very best (and still relevant) articles published in TPJ over its 5 years of publication and immortalized them into three volumes. This volume has 70 articles devoted to hard-core computer science, advanced programming techniques, and the underlying mechanics of Perl.Here's a sample of what you'll find inside: Jeffrey Friedl on Understanding Regexes Mark Jason Dominus on optimizing your Perl programs with Memoization Damian Conway on Parsing Tim Meadowcroft on integrating Perl with Microsoft Office Larry Wall on the culture of Perl Written by 41 of the most prominent and prolific members of the closely-knit Perl community, this anthology does what no other book can, giving unique insight into the real-life applications and powerful techniques made possible by Perl.Other books tell you how to use Perl, but this book goes far beyond that: it shows you not only how to use Perl, but what you could use Perl for. This is more than just The Best of the Perl Journal -- in many ways, this is the best of Perl.

This book provides comprehensive detail about modern C programming, including the standards C99, C11, C17, C23, reflecting recent updates. The book features a number of targeted examples, atomic data types, and threads. After covering the standards of C, the author explains data types, operators, loops, conditional statements, functions, pointers, and more. The book is intended primarily for electrical and hardware engineers looking to use or update their knowledge of modern C programming.