International frontiers and boundaries separate land, rivers and lakes subject to different sovereignties. Frontiers are zones of varying widths and they were common many centuries ago. By 1900 frontiers had almost disappeared and had been replaced by boundaries that are lines. The divisive nature of frontiers and boundaries has formed the focus of inter-disciplinary studies by economists, geographers, historians, lawyers and political scientists. Scholars from these disciplines have produced a rich literature dealing with frontiers and boundaries. The authors surveyed this extensive literature and the introduction reveals the themes which have attracted most attention. Following the introduction the book falls into three sections. The first section deals systematically with frontiers, boundary evolution and boundary disputes. The second section considers aspects of international law related to boundaries. It includes chapters dealing with international law and territorial boundaries, maps as evidence of international boundaries and river boundaries and international law. The third section consists of seven regional chapters that examine the evolution of boundaries in the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe, islands off Southeast Asia and Antarctica.

This is an introduction and practical guide on intellectual property rights (IPR) for agricultural and natural resource management researchers. It reviews concepts of IP and other legal issues relating to geographic information systems (GIS), including copyright, patents, legal protection of databases, confidentiality of information, data privacy, licensing, and liability.

This reference work contains more than 15000 entries on political geography, political science, international studies, social sciences, military and strategic studies and ocean resources. The materials have been collected from more than 270 journals and periodicals, current geographical publications, the American Geographical Society Research Catalog and bibliographies of various political geography books. The available materials have been collected on political geography since 1945, while important materials from earlier periods have also been included. The book also includes theses and dissertations that enhance its usefulness.

These three volumes contain the only collection of all substantive decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under its original jurisdiction. This is a unique publication. Under the U.S. Constitution, the Supreme Court considers certain cases directly without taking them as an appeal from lower courts. These cases involve the United States and individual states and state against state. Cases between states may not be considered in any other court; the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction is exclusive.