Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring, Second Edition, contains chapters related to the monitoring of the spinal motor system and deep brain stimulation have been added. The anatomical and physiological basis for these techniques are described in detail as are the practical aspects of such monitoring. Chapters on monitoring of sensory systems and monitoring in skull base surgery have been re-written as has the chapter on monitoring of peripheral nerves.

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring has shown a steady increase in use for surgeries in which neural structures may be at risk of injury. Some of the surgical techniques used carry inherent risks, and these risks have changed the way in which neurophysiologic monitoring has impacted patient safety and quality of care during surgical procedures. It is therefore crucial that those performing and interpreting intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring are adequately trained. This book is a comprehensive guide to the current practice of intraoperative neurophysiology with chapters on various modalities and clinical uses. Separate chapters devoted to anesthesia, operating room environment, special considerations in pediatrics and the interpretation and reporting of neurophysiologic data are useful and complementary. Questions and detailed answers on the topics covered can be found on the accompanying website for study review. This book will be useful to the trainee as well as the neurophysiologist already in practice.

A state-of-the-art presentation of intraoperative neuro- physiologic monitoring by specialists from well-known international medical centers.

A useful, thorough introduction to assessment of intraoperative neurologic function, combining all aspects of neurophysiologic assessment - EEG, evoked potentials, ICP, TCD, etc. The text includes basic physiology and pathophysiology, and stressesimportant points.

The Audiologist's Handbook of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring is a comprehensive and practical guide on cranial nerve intraoperative monitoring for audiology students and audiologists. The author shares his expertise gained from years of experience in the operating room with other audiologists and health care providers. The handbook was written with the student, fellow and relatively novice monitoring clinician in mind. However, individuals beyond a beginner level can also benefit from this book, which is illustrated with cases and appropriate figures to guide the learning and reviewing of intraoperative monitoring applications. The topics will also be of assistance and interest to other health care providers seeking information about intraoperative monitoring--specifically training IOM technologists and otolaryngology or neurosurgery residents and fellows. The initial chapters of the handbook introduce the reader to basic tenants of electromyography, evoked potential recording, and neuroanatomy. The following chapters detail intraoperative monitoring for seven different surgical procedures most commonly encountered by audiologists. The last two chapters focus on considerations for establishing a neuromonitoring program, including five specific protocols that could be used step-by-step in the operating room to set up and conduct neuromonitoring for a surgical procedure. In addition to this comprehensive review of intraoperative monitoring, readers will benefit from the videos illustrating neurophysiological events occurring during surgical procedures.

A thorough understanding of electricity, electronics, biophysics, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy is important to render more tractable, and otherwise complex, electrophysiologically-based targeting in the brain during operative manipulations. Most importantly, electrophysiological monitoring requires controlling the movement of electrons in electronic circuits in order to prevent irreversible damage. This new textbook presents a fundamental discussion of electrons, the forces moving these electrons, and the electrical circuits controlling these forces. The forces that allow recording and analysis also permeate the environment producing interference, such as noise and artifacts. Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Deep Brain Stimulation discusses how to avoid or suppress noise and artifacts for the most successful surgical outcome.

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients with hemifacial spasm, one of the very few neuromuscular disorders that can be treated surgically. It covers various aspects including brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral spread response, free-running EMG and prognosis, and intraoperative hearing loss patterns. In particular, we present detailed explanations and realistic pictures of various and subtle changes in the waveform of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and postoperative hearing. In addition, detailed explanations and actual photos are provided for various cases, such as when the amplitude of the lateral spread response is slightly smaller during surgery, when it is lost and then measured again, or when the surgery is terminated without disappearing. The various situations that may occur during surgery are fully covered, and the causes of and solutions to particular challenges are clearly described. In addition, the results of each test and their association with the postoperative prognosis are explained in detail. The authors have vast experience and recognized expertise in the performance of microvascular decompression surgery and intraoperative neuromonitoring. The book draws on their practical knowledge and many scientific contributions to offer the very latest insights into the management of hemifacial spasm. It will be an excellent guide for young neurosurgeons, neurological monitoring technologists, and neurological interpreters.

Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (IOM) neurologic monitoring during complex operative procedures is increasingly used to help prevent damage to the nervous system during surgery. Intraoperative Neurophysiology discusses all aspects of IOM with a hands- on approach to this challenging and exciting new frontier. Everything is covered from set-up, monitoring and mapping, troubleshooting, interpretation of results, and medical management. Interweaving contributions from neurologists and surgeons, the book presents a practical integrated blueprint for effective neurophysiological testing in the operating theater. Intraoperative Neurophysiology is visual and comprehensive in scope and coverage. It begins by reviewing basic neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic knowledge and presents detailed technical information on each basic test, providing the foundation necessary for choosing the right test and customizing monitoring and mapping according to the specifics of individual surgical procedures. Intraoperative Neurophysiology utilizes a unique structure to provide insights into successful monitoring practices and techniques. The book uses the steps of each surgical procedure as the skeleton upon which the IOM procedure is built, thereby presenting a developmental step-by-step approach to IOM procedures and the possible complications and pitfalls - that may arise at different moments of the surgery. In addition, it promotes and encourages the use of EEG in the operating room, and offers unprecedented coverage of ECoG, functional mapping, and EEG monitoring. With over 275 illustrations, numerous tables, and the most important clinical points made in writing and exemplified graphically, Intraoperative Neurophysiology: Monitoring and Mapping delivers in words and pictures everything one needs to know to master the art and science of intraoperative neurophysiologic procedure and reduce the operative risk of neurological damage in surgical patients.

This book equips the intraoperative monitoring provider (both technologist and physician) with details of commonly monitored surgical procedures of the spine. This knowledge better allows the monitorist to identify critical phases of the surgery and correlate those with neuroanatomical and functional risk at each phase. Chapters are authored by a surgeon and neurophysiologist, with the surgeon contributing procedural content and the neurophysiologist contributing information on how the monitoring integrates within the context of the procedure. It is the first book that incorporates content about the surgical procedure directly with the intraoperative monitoring plan for the surgery. This text will have a wide audience throughout the medical specialty of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; it will be of interest to technologists, interpreting physicians or neurophysiologists, anesthesiologists, and surgeons; essentially anyone on the surgical team that lacks a detailed knowledge of both the surgical procedure and the neurophysiology.

The field of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) has expanded geometrically in recent years, as it has been shown to be an effective way to reduce neurological deficits and thus is an indispensable aid to neurosurgeons. The most up-to-date, comprehensive book in the field, this practical guide covers both basic and advanced methods, technologies, and procedures involved in measuring various neuroelectric potentials during surgical procedures. This book will be useful in carrying out an increasing number of operations, by explaining the physiological basis of IOM and the performance of IOM in neurologic patients.