Burundi, a small landlocked country located in East Africa, has a population of approximately 12 million people. The country is bordered by Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Burundi, which gained independence from Belgium in 1962, is known for its political instability, poverty, and ethnic conflict. The country has experienced several coups and attempted coups since gaining independence, with the most recent one occurring in 2015. Burundi is also known for its civil war, which lasted from 1993 to 2005 and claimed the lives of approximately 300,000 people. Despite these challenges, Burundi remains home to several ethnic groups, including the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa people, and has a rich cultural heritage. Burundi is primarily an agricultural economy, with coffee and tea being the main exports. However, the country also has significant deposits of nickel, cobalt, and uranium. Burundi has a relatively young population, with over half of its inhabitants being under the age of 25. The country has made significant progress in improving its healthcare and education systems, with a particularly strong focus on increasing access for girls and women. The government has also implemented policies aimed at reducing poverty and promoting economic development. Despite these efforts, Burundi remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with the majority of the population living below the poverty line.

Highlights emerging trends and concerns regarding armed violence and small arms proliferation as well as related policies and programming.

This book evaluates the extent to which post-conflict reconstruction has addressed problems of horizontal inequalities through country case studies on Burundi, Rwanda, Nepal, Peru, Guatemala, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Afghanistan, and four thematic studies on macro-economic policies, privatisation, PRSP's, and employment generation.

Restorative justice is spreading like wildfire across the globe. How can we explain this burst of energy? This anthology makes the bold claim that restorative justice is a vibrant social justice movement. It is more than a great idea gone viral, more than the extension of the legal system, and more than enacting new legislation. Beginning in 2015, the contributors of this volume took part in a series of dialogues sponsored by the Zehr Institute for Restorative Justice, exploring the contours of the restorative justice movement. Each one writes from the burgeoning edges of their own context, inviting readers to consider the fidelity and integrity of the movement's growth. As a cadre, the authors highlight new locations of restorative justice application: race, pedagogy, ecology, youth organizing, community violence reduction, and more. These diverse voices put forward a fast-paced, hard-hitting glimpse into the pulse of restorative justice today and what it may look like tomorrow.

Recognizing that sound information is vital to the progress of conservation, IUCN have gathered together a visual portfolio of maps of rain forests in Africa. The accompanying text analyzes the extent and causes of deforestation and points a way towards sustainable forest development.

A directory of Afrotropical wetlands of international importance. Contents -Region 1: North West Africa, Region 2: North East Africa, Region 3: West Africa, Region 4: Central Africa, Region 5: Southern Africa, Region 6: Madagascar.

Countries emerging from civil war or protracted violence often face the daunting challenge of rebuilding their economy while simultaneously creating the political and social conditions for a stable peace. The implicit assumption in the international community that rapid political democratisation along with economic liberalisation holds the key to sustainable peace is belied by the experiences of countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan. Often, the challenges of post-conflict reconstruction revolve around the timing and sequencing of different reform that may have contradictory implications. Drawing on a range of thematic studies and empirical cases, this book examines how post-conflict reconstruction policies can be better sequenced in order to promote sustainable peace. The book provides evidence that many reforms that are often thought to be imperative in post-conflict societies may be better considered as long-term objectives, and that the immediate imperative for such societies should be 'people-centred' policies.

This book gives a riveting account of the higher education advancements made in five East African countries, each presenting unique characteristics. While some of the counties enjoyed relative calm throughout their years of growth and development, others have endured a turbulent past marked by civil war, coups and other forms of unrest, including one of the most atrocious genocide events ever recorded in the history of mankind. It is a known fact that the past defines the present and describes the future. The book specifically tracks the historical development of teacher education, technical and vocational education and training, and university education in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. The extensive research and up-to-date accounts provide a rich overview of tertiary education in the five countries, with candid reviews of the past, the current situation and perspectives on the future. The book is a refreshing addition to the books of history and education, and a must-read for students, professionals, and policy makers in the field of higher education, as well as scholars of history.