This comprehensive textbook/reference provides an in-depth overview of the key aspects of transportation analysis, with an emphasis on modeling real transportation systems and executing the models. Topics and features: presents comprehensive review questions at the end of each chapter, together with detailed case studies, useful links, references and suggestions for further reading; supplies a variety of teaching support materials at the book’s webpage on Springer.com, including a complete set of lecture slides; examines the classification of models used for multimodal transportation systems, and reviews the models and evaluation methods used in transportation planning; explains traffic assignment to road networks, and describes computer simulation integration platforms and their use in the transportation systems sector; provides an overview of transportation simulation tools, and discusses the critical issues in the design, development and use of the simulation models.

This book presents new methods for and approaches to real-world problems as well as exploratory research describing novel mathematics and cybernetics applications in intelligent systems. It focuses on modern trends in selected fields of technological systems and automation control theory. It also introduces new algorithms, methods and applications of intelligent systems in automation, technological and industrial applications. This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Cybernetics and Mathematics Applications in Intelligent Systems Section of the 6th Computer Science On-line Conference 2017 (CSOC 2017), held in April 2017.

In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications

Given its effective techniques and theories from various sources and fields, data science is playing a vital role in transportation research and the consequences of the inevitable switch to electronic vehicles. This fundamental insight provides a step towards the solution of this important challenge. Data Science and Simulation in Transportation Research highlights entirely new and detailed spatial-temporal micro-simulation methodologies for human mobility and the emerging dynamics of our society. Bringing together novel ideas grounded in big data from various data mining and transportation science sources, this book is an essential tool for professionals, students, and researchers in the fields of transportation research and data mining.

Informed Urban Transport Systems examines how information gathered from new technologies can be used for optimal planning and operation in urban settings. Transportation researchers, and those from related disciplines, such as artificial intelligence, energy, applied mathematics, electrical engineering and environmental science will benefit from the book's deep dive into the transportation domain, allowing for smarter technological solutions for modern transportation problems. The book helps create solutions with fewer financial, social, political and environmental costs for the populations they serve. Readers will learn from, and be able to interpret, the information and data collected from modern mobile and sensor technologies and understand how to use system optimization strategies using this information. The book concludes with an evaluation of the social and system impacts of modern transportation systems. - Takes a fresh look at transportation systems analysis and design, with an emphasis on urban systems and information/data use - Serves as a focal point for those in artificial intelligence and environmental science seeking to solve modern transportation problems - Examines current analytical innovations that focus on capturing, predicting, visualizing and controlling mobility patterns - Provides an overview of the transportation systems benefitting from modern technologies, such as public transport, freight services and shared mobility service models, such as bike sharing, peer-to-peer ride sharing and shared taxis

Cities have always played a prominent role in the prosperity of civilization. Indeed, every great civilization we can think of is associated with the prominence of one or more thriving cities. And so understanding cities -- their inhabitants, their institutions, their infrastructure -- what they are and how they work independently and together -- is of fundamental importance to our collective growth as a human civilization. Furthermore, the 21st century “smart” city, as a result global climate change and large-scale urbanization, will emerge as a societal grand challenge. This book focuses on the role of interdependent infrastructure systems in such smart cities especially as it relates to timely and poignant questions about resilience and sustainability. In particular, the goal of this book is to present, in one volume, a consistent Hetero-Functional Graph Theoretic (HFGT) treatment of interdependent smart city infrastructures as an overarching application domain of engineering systems. This work may be contrasted to the growing literature on multi-layer networks, which despite significant theoretical advances in recent years, has modeling limitations that prevent their real-world application to interdependent smart city infrastructures of arbitrary topology. In contrast, this book demonstrates that HFGT can be applied extensibly to an arbitrary number of arbitrarily connected topologies of interdependent smart city infrastructures. It also integrates, for the first time, all six matrices of HFGT in a single system adjacency matrix. The book makes every effort to be accessible to a broad audience of infrastructure system practitioners and researchers (e.g. electric power system planners, transportation engineers, and hydrologists, etc.). Consequently, the book has extensively visualized the graph theoretic concepts for greater intuition and clarity. Nevertheless, the book does require a common methodological base of its readers and directs itself to the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) community and the Network Science Community (NSC). To the MBSE community, we hope that HFGT will be accepted as a quantification of many of the structural concepts found in model-based systems engineering languages like SysML. To the NSC, we hope to present a new view as how to construct graphs with fundamentally different meaning and insight. Finally, it is our hope that HFGT serves to overcome many of the theoretical and modeling limitations that have hindered our ability to systematically understand the structure and function of smart cities.

In today’s digital transformation environments, a rigorous cybersecurity approach to effective risk management — including contingency planning, outlining immediate actions, preparing post-breach responses — is central to defending organizations’ interconnected computer systems, networks, and infrastructure resources from malicious cyber-attacks. Specifically, cybersecurity technologies, processes, and practices need to be generalized and applied to intrusion detection and prevention measures. This entails analyzing profiles of cyber-attackers and building cyber-attack models for behavior simulation that can effectively counter such attacks. This comprehensive volume aims to cover all essential aspects of cybersecurity in digital transformation and to provide a framework for considering the many objectives and requirements involved. In addition to introducing theoretical foundations, the work also offers practical techniques for defending against malicious cybercriminals. Topics and features: Explores cybersecurity’s impact on the dynamics of interconnected, complex cyber- and physical systems, infrastructure resources, and networks Provides numerous examples of applications and best practices Considers methods that organizations can use to assess their cybersecurity awareness and/or strategy Describes anomaly intrusion detection, a key tool in thwarting both malware and theft (whether by insiders or external parties) of corporate data Addresses cyber-attacker profiles, cyber-attack models and simulation, cybersecurity ontology, access-control mechanisms, and policies for handling ransomware attacks Discusses the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge, CIS Critical Security Controls, and the ISA/IEC 62442 Cybersecurity Standard Gathering all the relevant information, this practical guide is eminently suitable as a self-study resource for engineers, scientists, computer scientists, and chief information officers. Further, with its many examples of best practices, it can serve as an excellent text for graduate-level courses and research into cybersecurity. Dietmar P. F. Möller, a retired full professor, is affiliated with the Institute for Mathematics at Clausthal University of Technology, Germany. He was an author of several other Springer titles, including Guide to Automotive Connectivity and Cybersecurity.

This book presents an in-depth review of the state of the art of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and their applications. Relevant case studies are also provided, to help the reader to master the interdisciplinary material. Features: includes self-test exercises in each chapter, together with a glossary; offers a variety of teaching support materials at an associated website, including a comprehensive set of slides and lecture videos; presents a brief overview of the study of systems, and embedded computing systems, before defining CPS; introduces the concepts of the Internet of Things, and ubiquitous (or pervasive) computing; reviews the design challenges of CPS, and their impact on systems and software engineering; describes the ideas behind Industry 4.0 and the revolutions in digital manufacturing, including smart and agile manufacturing, as well as cybersecurity in manufacturing; considers the social impact of the changes in skills required by the globalized, digital work environment of the future.

Intervals of high-activity alternating with long low-activity periods can be found in many areas of daily life, with researchers coining the phenomenon as bursts. As burstiness has become prevalent in many fields, understanding it and knowing how to manage it are crucial in order to be able to get all the benefits associated with it. Burstiness Management for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides innovative insights into burstiness’s role in decision-making in business and its function as a predictor of performance. The content within this publication covers topics such as burstiness in business and e-business applications, as well as consumer behavior and sustainable development. It is a vital reference source for business managers, business professionals, academicians, researchers, and graduate-level students interested in understanding how burstiness and its consequences are processed in diverse and dynamic environments.