The Gospels record that Jesus purported to forgive sins. What significance would such a claim have had for his contemporaries and what would the implications have been for his identity as a first-century popular prophet? Tobias Hägerland answers these questions and more as he investigates the forgiveness of sins in the mission of the historical Jesus. The Gospels are interpreted within the context of first-century Judaism as part of a broader reconstruction of Jesus' career as a healer and prophet, and rhetorical criticism is introduced as a tool for explaining how the gospel tradition about Jesus and forgiveness developed. Hägerland combines detailed exegesis and rigorous methodology with a holistic view of the historical Jesus, evaluating recent scholarship about first-century Jewish prophets and utilizing previously neglected textual evidence to present a thorough investigation of the theology of forgiveness in early Judaism and primitive Christianity.

In The Forgiveness of Sins, Tim Carter examines the significance of forgiveness in a New Testament context, delving deep into second-century Christian literature on sin and the role of the early church in mitigating it. This crucial spiritual issue is at the core of what it means to be Christian, and Carter's thorough and erudite examination of this theme is a necessity for any professional or amateur scholar of the early church. Carter's far-reaching analysis begins with St Luke, who is often accused of weakness on the subject of atonement, but who in fact uses the phrase 'forgiveness of sins' more frequently than any other New Testament author. Carter explores patristic writers both heterodox and orthodox, such as Marcion, Justin Martyr and Origen. He also deepens our understanding of Second Temple Judaism and the theological context in which Christian ideas about atonement developed. Useful to both the academic and the pastoral theologian, The Forgiveness of Sins is a painstaking, clear-eyed exploration of what forgiveness meant not only to early Christians such as Tertullian, Irenaeus and Luke, but to Jesus himself, and what it means to Christians today.

In this well-researched and ethical study, Vee Chandler combines insight gathered from the writings of scholars and Christian philosophers with personal observations and biblical perspectives to examine the nature and value of forgiveness and help those struggling with the concepts of repentance, forgiveness, and reconciliation. Chandler begins by exploring key questions such as, When does God forgive and not forgive? and, What is God's wrath and mercy? and then attempts to answer these questions by first defining terms according to their scriptural usage. She then examines the relationship between repentance, forgiveness, and reconciliation according to the biblical model. In the second section, Chandler exegetically scrutinizes scriptural texts related to interpersonal forgiveness as well as passages concerning how God's people should relate to their enemies and to evil persons. Finally Chandler examines the ethics of forgiveness from a moral and philosophical point of view, and ultimately establishes a model for forgiveness and reconciliation based on the biblical pattern and defended from a logical and ethical perspective. Biblical Boundaries of Forgiveness embraces the contribution of Christian philosophers while examining the nature and value of forgiveness from spiritual and moral viewpoints.

The hard spiritual work of forgiveness is the conduit to a life-changing transformation into the character of Jesus Christ, for we are never closer to the likeness of Christ than when we forgive one that has sinned against us. Seventy Times Seven: The Transforming Power of Forgiveness seeks to help you understand that forgiveness is an often-lengthy process of letting go—releasing the offender to God—with the end result being you are no longer living life in the shadow of the offense. It presents a clear understanding of what forgiveness is and is not, as well as biblical and scientific evidence of the effects of unforgiveness on one’s life. Along the way, author Robin E. Clifton blends her spiritual and scientific backgrounds with her life experiences to present an authentic, engaging, and enlightening discussion of forgiveness and the remarkable transformation it can bring. You can learn to trust God wholeheartedly and use what He provides to guide you through your life, both giving and receiving forgiveness. Thought-provoking and insightful, this exploration and Bible study examines the transformation that forgiveness can bring into your life

Where did the idea of sin arise from? In this meticulously argued book, David Konstan takes a close look at classical Greek and Roman texts, as well as the Bible and early Judaic and Christian writings, and argues that the fundamental idea of "sin" arose in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, although this original meaning was obscured in later Jewish and Christian interpretations. Through close philological examination of the words for "sin," in particular the Hebrew hata' and the Greek hamartia, he traces their uses over the centuries in four chapters, and concludes that the common modern definition of sin as a violation of divine law indeed has antecedents in classical Greco-Roman conceptions, but acquired a wholly different sense in the Hebrew Bible and New Testament.

What Does The Bible Say About Forgiveness? It is a Major Subject in Scripture, but it has been strangely overlooked by biblical scholars. Forgiveness is the amazing way that alienation can be healed and guilt assuaged, and there is an extensive literature on the subject, written largely by psychologists, pastoral counselors, and philosophers, but until now anyone searching those many books for a thorough treatment of the Bible's message would have been frustrated. Now in a clear and concise form, Donald E. Gowan has offered a survey of all that the Bible says about this crucial subject---from Genesis to Revelation. "What kind of relationship can there be between a just God and a sinful people? Donald Gowan pursues this question by clearly unfolding the Bible's witness to the mysterious and abiding possibility of divine forgiveness. With so much pain in this world, Gowan demonstrates why understanding how God forgives us, and how we may live like God by forgiving others, is both urgent and imperative."---Samuel E. Balentine Union Theological Seminary-Presbyterian School of Christian Education

Anthony Bash offers new insights into forgiveness from a biblical perspective, taking into account important findings in philosophy, politics and psychology. The book explores what the Bible says about forgiveness so that we can better experience its regenerative and renewing effects. It also looks at what the Bible says in the light of two thousand years of thought about forgiveness. It does so in the belief that, if forgiveness is to be meaningful, it must be just.