Through an examination of the two icons of the nineteenth century American temperance movement -- the self-made man and the crusading woman -- Fletcher demonstrates the evolving meaning and context of temperance and gender.

French's unsurpassed Gazetteer of the State of New York is a complete history & description of every county, city, town, village, & locality in New York. But more than that it is a record of the founders & early settlers of practically every locality in the state-an astonishing achievement & the reason that the book has remained among the top genealogical reference works for New York State. Of course, no single person could have generated all this information on his own, so under the supervision of J.H. French "surveyors & agents were instructed to visit every city, town, & village, to search records, examine documents, consult the best living, printed, & manuscript authorities, & to make returns to the general office of all the reliable matter & information obtained." Thus was created an accurate & comprehensive gazetteer, with descriptions of each county, city, town, & village arranged according to a uniform plan (of more value today to the genealogist than ever before). Information provided for each locality includes founding (& founders), early settlements (& settlers), historical sketch to the time of writing, loading institutions, schools, & churches, prominent & representative citizens, stories of general & local interest, statistics from state censuses, & names of every natural & man made topographical feature. Preceding this core part of the Gazetteer is a full 150-page survey of the government, topography, & institutions of the state of New York. Outstanding as the Gazetteer is, its usefulness as a research tool is severely limited by the lack of an index to the thousands of narnes that appear in the text & footnotes. But this reprint edition puts an end to this unfortunate situation, as it incorporates Frank Place's Index of Names, a 16000-name index first published in 1962 by the Cortland County Historical Society. In 1969 the Society issued a second printing of the Index incorporating a "Supplement" of additions & corrections, & a third printing in 1983 included a "Supplementary Index to Place Names." With the Society's permission, we have incorporated the final index edition of 1983 with our reprint of the Gazetteer, making it the most complete & the most useful edition ever published.

Should the majority always rule? If not, how should the rights of minorities be protected? In Moral Minorities and the Making of American Democracy, Kyle G. Volk unearths the origins of modern ideas and practices of minority-rights politics. Focusing on controversies spurred by the explosion of grassroots moral reform in the early nineteenth century, he shows how a motley but powerful array of self-understood minorities reshaped American democracy as they battled laws regulating Sabbath observance, alcohol, and interracial contact. Proponents justified these measures with the "democratic" axiom of majority rule. In response, immigrants, black northerners, abolitionists, liquor dealers, Catholics, Jews, Seventh-day Baptists, and others articulated a different vision of democracy requiring the protection of minority rights. These moral minorities prompted a generation of Americans to reassess whether "majority rule" was truly the essence of democracy, and they ensured that majority tyranny would no longer be just the fear of elites and slaveholders. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth-century, minority rights became the concern of a wide range of Americans attempting to live in an increasingly diverse nation. Volk reveals that driving this vast ideological reckoning was the emergence of America's tradition of popular minority-rights politics. To challenge hostile laws and policies, moral minorities worked outside of political parties and at the grassroots. They mobilized elite and ordinary people to form networks of dissent and some of America's first associations dedicated to the protection of minority rights. They lobbied officials and used constitutions and the common law to initiate "test cases" before local and appellate courts. Indeed, the moral minorities of the mid-nineteenth century pioneered fundamental methods of political participation and legal advocacy that subsequent generations of civil-rights and civil-liberties activists would adopt and that are widely used today.

DIVSzymanski uses the Prohibition movement as an example of the challenges facinbg all social reform movements./div