In 2009 and 2010, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights underwent significant reforms to their respective judicial appointments processes. Though very different judicial institutions, they adopted very similar - and rather remarkable - reforms: each would now make use of an expert panel of judicial notables to vet the candidates proposed to sit in Luxembourg or Strasbourg. Once established, these two vetting panels then followed with actions no less extraordinary: they each immediately took to rejecting a sizable percentage of the judicial candidates proposed by the Member State governments. What had happened? Why would the Member States of the European Union and of the Council of Europe, which had established judicial appointments processes that all but ensured themselves the unfettered power to designate their preferred judges to the European courts, and who had zealously maintained and exercised that power over the course of some fifty years, suddenly decide to undermine their own capacity to continue to do so? This book sets out to solve this mystery. Its point of departure is that it would be a mistake to view the 2009-2010 establishment of the two vetting panels in isolation from other European judicial developments. Though these acts of institutional creation are certainly the most notable recent developments, they actually represent but the crowning achievement of a process of European judicial appointments reform that has been running unremittingly since the 1990's. This longstanding and tenacious movement has actually triggered a broad set of interrelated debates and reforms, encompassing not only judicial appointments per se, but also a much wider set of issues, including judicial independence, judicial quality, judicial councils, the separation of powers, judicial gender equity, and more.

Evaluates the successes and failures of the 1996 South African Constitution following the twentieth anniversary of its enactment.

Articles on political corruption, social corruption, and social problems of India; written from 2002.

Online dating is very popular today with the progress of technology and the increase of people who use computers. Online dating is a system for organizing a date and can be an excellent way to meet that special someone. Today, online dating is one of the most popular systems for meeting someone new to go on a date with.There are many online dating websites you can visit and see people who are looking to meet someone new. You can post your picture and create a profile on one of them too. This will allow you to tell everything about yourself. This way, people can see if you enjoy the same types of activities that they do and you can see if certain people look to be like someone you might be interested in.Online dating has proven to be a successful method for meeting people and setting up dates. Many people have continued their relationships and even been married through online dating methods. All relationships through online dating are not successful but you may meet a new friend if you are not compatible for dating.When you consider online dating, it is important to remember you need to be safe. The Internet is not always what it seems and people are not always honest with everything about themselves. You should be sure when you go on your first online date you are somewhere you feel comfortable with and be sure to protect yourself at all times. You can have a fantastic experience and meet your perfect match but you do not want to be a statistic because you believed everything the other person said on the Internet.